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英语的情态动词

2012-07-30 来源:抵帆知识网

有网友碰到这样的问题“英语的情态动词”。小编为您整理了以下解决方案,希望对您有帮助:

解决方案1:

情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能使用。它与其后面的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词的具体用法如下:
1. can和could的用法
1)表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。
例如:Can I go now?Yes,you can.
Man cannot live without air.
Can you finish this work tonight?
注意:
① could也可以表示请求,语气较委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可以用于肯定句,答语应用can。
例如:Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes,you can.(否定答语也可用:No,I’m afraid not.)
② can表示能力时,可以用be able to代替。
例如:I’ll not be able to come this afternoon
但当我们要表示“某件事已成功”时,应用was/were able to,而不能用could。
例如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening and enjoyed himself very much.
2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。)
例如:This cannot be done by him.
How can you be so careless!
Can you be true?
2.may和might的用法
1)表示许可。表示请求,允许时,might比may的语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示不可以、禁止、阻止之意。
例如:May I take this book out?
Yes,you can.—No, you can’t(mustn’t)
Might I use you pen?
No,you mustn’t.
用May I…征询对方许可,在问题上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,特别是现代口语中,用Can I…征询对方建议更为常见。
2)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
例如:May you succeed!
3)表示推测、可能(不能用于疑问句)。
例如:He may be very busy now.
3.must和have to的用法
1)表示必须、必要。
例如:You must come in time.
回答must引出的问题时,如果是否定回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn`t或don`t have to。
例如:Must we hand in our exercise book today?
Yes,you must.
No,you don’t have to(you needn`t)
2)“must be +表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。(见1.2)条)。
例如:This must your pen.
3)must和have to表示“必须”时,意思很相似,但有下列几点区别应注意:
①must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。
比较: The play is not interesting,I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
②must一般只表现在,have to则有更多的时态形式。
③must可以表推断,而have to则不能。
④询问对方意愿时应用must。
例如:Must I clean all the rooms?
⑤二者的否定意义大不相同,must not表示禁止,don’t have to意为“不必”。
比较:You mustn’t go.你决不可去
You don’t have to go.你不必去.
4.dare和need的用法
1)dare作情态动词时,主要用语疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。
例如:How dare you say I’m unfair!
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd,dare he?
2)need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词用时,仅由于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,或should代替。
例如:You needn`t come so early.
Need I finish the work today?yes,you must.
3)dare和need常用作是实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是,作为实义动词,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式;在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
例如:He needs to finish it this evening.
I don’t wondered he dared (to)say that.
Don’t you dare(to)touch it!
5.shall和should的用法
1)shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。
例如:He does not dare (to)answer.
I dare to swim across this river.
2)shall用于第一、第三人称,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
例如:When shall I be able to leave the hospital?
Shall we begin our lesson?
3)shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
例如:He shall be punished.(威胁)
He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)
You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
4)should表示建议、劝告、命令。其同义词是ought to。在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。
例如:Should I open the window?
You should go to class right away.
6)will和would的用法
1)表示请求,建议等,would比will更委婉客气。
例如:Would you pass me the book?
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
例如:They asked us if we would do that again.
I’ll never do it again.
3)would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表示过去习惯时比used to更正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
例如:During the vacation he would visit me every week.
4)表示估计或猜想。
例如:I thought he would have told you all about it.
What would she be going there?
7. ought to的用法
1)ought to表示“应该”(和should差不多,只是口气稍微重一些),无人称和时态变化。
例如:You ought to take care of him.
注意:在美国英语中,ought to用于否定和疑问句时,to可以省略。
例如:You oughtn`t smoke so much
2)表示推测。注意与must表示时间的区别:
He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)
He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)
This is where the oil ought to be.(比较含蓄)
8.“情态动词+不定式完成式”的用法
1)“can(could)+不定式完成式”的肯定式表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定。
例如:Can he have got the book?
He cannot have been to that town.
You could have done better,but you didn’t try your best
2)“may(could)+不定式完成式”对过去发生的行为的推测。
例如:If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived.
He may not have finished the work.
3)“must+不定式完成式”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为“一定,想必”。它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。
例如:He must have been to Shanghai.
You must have seen the film The Gold Rush.
4)“needn`t+不定式完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。
例如:You needn`t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.
注意:didn’t need /have to do“指没有必要做而实际上没有做某事”。
例如:I didn’t need to clean the windows. My sister did it.
5)“should+不定式完成式”表示本应该做到而实际上没有做到。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
例如:She should`t have taken away my measuring tape.
You should have started earlier, but you didn’t .
6)“will+不定式完成式”的结构表示推测,重要用语第二、三人称,表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
例如:He will have arrived by now.
7)“ought to+不定式完成式”表示“过去应该做某事而实际未做”。
例如:You ought to have helped him(but you didn’t).
9.used to,had better,would rather的用法
1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复存在)。在间接引语中,其形式可不变。
例如:He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式:
疑问句 Do you used to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句 I usedn`t to go there.
I didn’t use to go there.
否定疑问句 Usedn`t you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did used to smoke,but it was a long time ago.
其反意或简略回答中,也有两种形式:
She used to be very fat,didn’t` she?(usedn`t she?)
Did you use to play chess?Yes,I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning?
Yes,I did./Yes,I used to
2)had better意为“最好...”,后接不带to的不顶式。
例如:You had better have done that. (用于完成时态表示未完成动作。)
I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态,表示“最好立即”。)
注意:①had best与had better同义,但较少用;
②You had better用于同辈或晚辈,不可用于长辈。
3)would rather意为“宁愿”,后接不带to的不定式。
例如:I’d rather do it right away.(接动词原形,指现在或将来。)
I’d rather not have told her the news(接不定式,指过去。)
由于would rather表示选择,因而后可接than
例如:I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.

解决方案2:

can should may must +do

解决方案3:

can should must may could would

解决方案4:

can could should shall may might must will would

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