词汇导学案
一、词汇变形 1. adventure (n.)奇遇， 冒险 6. account (n.)说明,理由,账目 --- adventurous (adj.) 冒险的，刺激的 --- (n.)accountant 会计 ---adventurer (n.) 冒险家 7. patience (n.) 耐心，忍耐--- patient (adj.)
---impatient (adj.) 2. narrator (n.) 讲述者
8. unbelievable (adj.) 难以置信的 ---narrate (v.) 叙述，讲述
---believable(反)--- believe (v.) ---narration (n.)旁白，叙述
--- belief (n.) 信念，信仰，相信 3. wander vi 漫游 漫步 漂泊
9. rude (adj.) 粗鲁的，无礼的---rudeness(n.) --- wanderer (n.) 流浪者
---rudely(adv.) 4. permit (v.) 许可，允许---permitted
10. novel (adj.)新奇的；异常的 /(n.)小说 --- permission (n.) 许可，允许
---novelist (n.)小说家11.penniless（adj.）---permit( n.) 通行证，许可证，执照
贫困的---penny(n.) 便士 5. fault (n.) 过错，缺点
-- faultless(adj.) 完美的, 无懈可击的二、重点单词
1. scene n. 现场, 场面,景色,(戏剧)一场, 领域/圈子
The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment. 舞台,电影
scene n (基本义)
场景
案发现场自然景色事件中 The police were soon on the scene.
He photographed a wide range of street scenes.
The team’s victory produced scenes of joy. What a dangerous scene it was! the music scene 社会活动 He’s the funniest comedian on the comedy scene.
1) Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scene ___ _ people were eaten by the tiger. 辨析：scenery/scene/view/sight
①scenery 是总称, 不可数，指大范围的自然风光, 是由多个scene 构成的景色, 常译为 “景色”, “风景”.
②scene 可数名词，指展现在眼前的情景, 也可以指scenery的一部分, 指某处小范围的景色, 大多包括景物中的人及活动, 可译为 “情景”, “景色”, “场面”, “(戏剧)一场”
③view 可数名词，是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景色,还有 “观点”, “看法”的意思. get a good view of sth from sp
④sight 可数名词，是眼睛所看到的景象, 用其复数sights 表示名胜古迹, 人文景观等. 2) We were very happy to see the ____ _ of the children playing games happily. 3) The Great wall is one of the most wonderful__ _ in the world. 4) *From the top of the mountain you have a nice ___ of the whole city. 5) We will go to Jiu Zhaigou to enjoy the beautiful nature___ _ for our holiday. 6) Doctors were on the ___ soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers. 2. permit vt. 允许，许可； n．[C]许可证，执照 permission n. [U]许可，准许，允许 (1) Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. (2) We’ll start tomorrow, weather permitting.
permit doing sth. 允许做某事 with/without one's permission (不)在某人的允许下permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask for permission 请求许可 Time permitting 时间许可的话 driving permit 驾驶执照/work permit 1) The rules of the club ____ (不准吸烟)．
2) Will you _________________ (准许我们离开) now?
3) *The party will be held in the garden，__ ______________ (如果天气允许的话)． 4) You can’t enter the room __ (未经许可)．
3. account n. 说明；理由；计算；账目vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有 1) He takes care of the business and his wife keeps the accounts ___ 2) My father helped me set up a bank account. __ of less known individuals. ___ _
3) While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives 4) It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. ____ _
5) Can you account for your behavior on that night? __
资金在银行的往来账目 account：(基本义)
资金的往来明细；账目
电子邮件在网络中的往来明细 事件的明细，来龙去脉
account for 占….(多大比例); 说明(原因等)；作出解释 on account of 由于，因为 on no account=in no way 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) take...into account/ consideration 考虑…… give an account of ….描述… open /close an account 开户、结清账户
1) One must take the audience___ _ account when making speeches. 2) She was absent from school__ _ illness. (因为生病)
_ _ 3) *考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出结论，学好英语的第一步就是掌握大量的词汇。
__ 4) *面对失败，你绝不可以放弃。 __ 5)*有很多因素可以解释你考试失败的原因
__ 4. seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；谋求；征求; 试图
①They sought for a place to shelter from the rain, but in vain. ___ _ ②The book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ___ ③* When you are in trouble, please seek your teacher’s advice. __ _
_
④Scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of “sixth sense” . ___ seek one’s fortune 追求财富；碰运气 seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物 seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某事 seek advice from the teacher= ask the teacher for advice seek to do sth.(＝try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事 play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 1) He_ (seek) shelter from the rain yesterday.
2) Local schools are seeking___ _(reduce) the dropout rate.
4. issue n.争论的问题 (尤指社会或政治方面); (令人担忧的) 问题; (报刊的) 号/版次
vt 公布；发布; (正式) 发给；供给; 正式发行 (1) Food safety is an important issue. __ (2) Money is not an issue. ___ _ (3) (4) (5) (6)
_
I’m reading the last issue of the paper. ___ The minister issued a statement to the press. ___ issue warm clothing to the survivors. ___ issue a magazine ___
被说出、被讨论的话题或问题 n. 内心表现出的忧虑 n.(语义缩小) issue (基本义) 向外走出
向外放的杂志邮票等n 正式向外发表声明、命令 v 正式向外向某组织/某人发放某物v
正式向外发售杂志、邮票等 v
One copy of \"Celebrities are Cool\" magazine is an 1issue. It is 2issued, or put out, by the publisher. You and your mother may argue over the 3issue, or topic, of whether or not you should read it. vt 找……的缺点；指责；挑剔
(1) I’m really sorry — it’s all my own fault. ___ _
at fault 有责任；有错
(2) Everybody has his faults. ____ _ find fault (with) 找茬儿；抱怨；挑剔 (3) Nobody will fault you for it. _ _ faultless adj 无错误的 7. spot(spotted,spotted) vt. 发现，认出；点缀 n. 斑点；污点；地点
on the spot 当场，当下 put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难 hit the spot 满足要求，合口味 a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹 be spotted with sth. 满是……斑点, 点缀着… spot sb. doing 看到某人正在做… 1)The ink has spotted my clean shirt.(译) 2)The sky was spotted _____ colorful kites.
3) He was hit by a falling stone and got killed __ the spot. 三、重点短语
1．go ahead 说吧，干吧，前进；(用于祈使句)可以
ahead of time/schedule=in advance 提前 离开 go after 追求；设法获得
go against 反对；不利于；违背 go over 仔细检查，复习 go by 走过，经过 go ahead with sth 继续做某事 go through 浏览，翻阅，遭受
go for sb. 适用于某人/go for sth. 努力争取； go in for … 参加考试/比赛；爱好，有兴趣 1)You _______________ （先走）；we’ll catch up with you later. 2)She ____ （违背）her father’s wishes, which made him angry. 3) She let the chance ____ 4) I hear you are going to __ (流走).What a pity!
(争取) that job in the accounts department. Wish you good luck!
5. fault n. 责任；过失；缺点；缺陷；故障
2 .bring up 呕吐；抚养；培养；教育；提出
人向上 bring up up(向上) 联想拓展： 由小变大 抽象的话题等 吃的东西 He was brought up by his grandmother. （=raise/ support）
Every time I bring the matter up, he changes the subject.
He brought up all his dinner.
由下往上集合
turn up 调高；grow up 长大；bring up 抚育，养育 stand up; set up 成立；bring up 提出；呕吐 add up 合计 pack up 打包 come up 走进 成碎片 靠近 up
break up 破裂；解散 blow up 爆炸; cut up 切碎 bring in 引进；赚得；收(庄稼) bring out 取出；阐明；出版
bring about 引起，产生，带来 bring down 使倒下；降低；减少 1) Tom was ___ 3) We have ___ 2) His carelessness ___ _ by his mother after his parents divorced.
this failure in the exam.
4) Could you __ ______ the price a little? a fat chance = a slim chance 机会渺茫
There is a chance that…有可能… stand a chance 有机会,有可能 (千万别冒险) when driving a car.
_ a good harvest.
3.take a chance 冒险；试图做某事；碰运气 by chance/accident 偶然；碰巧 Chances are(that)可能性是…
1) You should __ 2) We hadn’t planned to meet. We __ ______________ (偶然遇见)． 3) * ________________ (可能) she’s already heard the news.
四、 重点句型
1. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
哎，傍晚时分，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上 ①“find oneself＋介词短语”，意为“(突然)发现自己……”。
On hearing this, I found myself in an embarrassing position. 听到这后，我突然发现自己很尴尬。 ②find oneself doing sth. 突然发现或惊奇地发现自己在做某事，表示吃惊或不相信等 Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mike's place. 迪克突然发现自己朝迈克家走去。 ③find oneself done (突然)发现自己被……；不知不觉中发现自己被……
Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.然后我就发现自己已被六个男孩围住了1)In the end, he found himself __ ____ to a deserted island.(take)
2)When he came to himself, he found himself ___ _______ (lie)in the hospital.
2. The next morning I had just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. had just done...when... 刚做完…就… be doing...when... 正在做……这时…… be about to do...when...正要做…这时…be on the point of doing...when... 正要做…这时… 1) I had just gone to bed ____ the telephone rang. 2) He __ ___ (read) newspapers when he heard his name called. 3) I was about to go out _ an unexpected visitor came.
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