Cultural practices, cultural differences, local manners,and mores: traveling the globe can be a behavioral minefield(布雷区；充满隐伏危险的事物), even when you have the best wishes. Everything from greeting to eating can be a possibility to do the wrong thing, and not only embarrass yourself, but offend your host. Now I want to introduce you a few do's and don's,and I hope after my presentation,all of you can avoid some embarrassment more or less. Now,Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them while going abroad。
文化习惯、文化差异、当地礼仪和风俗：即使你怀着良好的意愿，这些文化陷阱也可能让你的环球旅游险象环生。从问候到饮食，稍不留神就会出差错，不仅让自己难堪，还有可能冒犯东道主。到国外时要特别留心并尽量避免误入以下几种文化陷阱。
1. [Touching Someone 触摸他人]
Where It’s Offensive: Korea, Thailand, China, Europe, the Middle East.
禁忌地：韩国、泰国、欧洲、中东
What’s Offensive 禁忌：
Personal space varies as you travel the globe. In Mediterranean(地中海)
countries, if you refrain from touching someone‘s arm when talking to them or if you don’t greet them with kisses or a warm embrace, you’ll be considered cold. But pat somebody on the back who isn’t a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you’ll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred--never even pat a child on the head。
个人空间的概念因地而异。在地中海国家，如果你和别人交谈时没有碰对方的手臂，或见面问候时没和对方亲吻拥抱，别人会认为你不热情。但在韩国，拍别人的背会让对方感觉不安，除非此人是你的家庭成员或好友。在泰国，头是很神圣的部位——就算是小孩子的头也不要随便乱拍。
What You Should Do Instead 对策：
Observe what locals are doing and follow suit(跟着学). In Eastern
countries,remember that touching and expressing your emotion in public places are unacceptable. In places like Qatar(卡塔尔) and Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）, men and women are forbidden from interacting, let alone touching。
观察当地人的一举一动并照着做。记住，在东方国家，身体接触或在公众场合流露感情往往不被人接受。在卡塔尔和沙特阿拉伯这样的地方，男女交往都被禁止，更不要说身体接触了。
2. [Blowing Your Nose 擤鼻涕]
Where It’s Offensive: Japan, China, Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯), France.
禁忌地：日本、沙特阿拉伯、法国
What’s Offensive 禁忌：
Some cultures find it disgusting to blow your nose in public--especially at the table. The Japanese are also repelled by the idea of a handkerchief。
有些文化认为当众擤鼻涕是让人厌恶的行为——尤其在餐桌上。日本人还排斥使用手帕。
What You Should Do Instead 对策：
If traveling through Eastern and Asian countries, leave the hankies(手帕) at home and opt facial tissues(一次性纸
巾) instead. In France as well as in Eastern countries, if you’re dining and need to clear your nasal passages, excuse yourself and head to the restroom. The worst case is that: make an exaggerated effort to clean his or her nose at the table.I hope you don’t have a cold。
到东方或亚洲国家旅游时，把手帕留在家中，选择用一次性纸巾吧！在法国以及一些东方国家，如果在就餐过程中你需要擤鼻涕，要先说声“请原谅”再去洗手间。最糟糕的情景是：极为夸张地从餐桌上扭过头去擤鼻涕。还是祈祷自己不要感冒吧！
3.[Talking Over Dinner 就餐时谈话]
Where It’s Offensive: Africa, Japan, Thailand, China, Finland.
禁忌地：非洲、日本、泰国、芬兰
What’s Offensive 禁忌：
In some countries, like China, Japan, and some African nations,eating is just eating, so don’t start chatting about your day’s adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. You’ll likely be met with silence--not because your group is unfriendly, but because the time is for eating, not talking. Also avoid
conversations in a sacred or reflective places such as--churches in Europe, temples in Thailand, and saunas(桑拿浴室) in Finland。
在日本和一些非洲国家，吃饭就是吃饭，所以当其他人都在大快朵颐时，不要谈论你当天的经历。你可能会遭遇沉默——这并非你的同伴不友好，而是因为就餐时间只应吃饭，无需交谈。也要避免在一些被认为是神圣或需要沉思的地方谈话——比如欧洲的教堂、泰国的庙宇和芬兰的桑拿浴室。
What You Should Do Instead 对策：
Keep quiet! 保持沉默！
4.[Removing Your Shoes…or Not 脱鞋.....与否]
Where It’s Offensive: Hawaii, the South Pacific, Korea, China, Thailand.
禁忌地：夏威夷、太平洋群岛、韩国、泰国
What’s Offensive 禁忌：
Take off your shoes when you go to a London family for a dinner party , undoubtedly, the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you’ll be considered disrespectful. Removing your shoes not only means keeping sand and dirt out of the house,also it’s a sign of leaving the outside world behind。
到伦敦人家里参加宴会时脱掉鞋子，女主人会认为你不文明，但去亚洲、夏威夷或太平洋群岛的居民家中不脱鞋却被认为失礼。脱掉鞋子不仅把沙粒与尘土留在了门外，更意味着把外面的世界抛之脑后。
What You Should Do Instead 对策：
If you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. If not, keep the shoes on。
如果你在门口看到一排鞋子，就解开自己的鞋带。否则，就穿鞋进去吧！
5.[Knowing Your Right from Your Left 分清左右手]
Where It’s Offensive: India, Morocco(摩洛哥), Africa, the Middle East.
禁忌地：印度、非洲、中东
What’s Offensive 禁忌：
Many cultures still prefer to eat using traditional methods--their hands. In these cases, it’s important to wash your hands before eating and observe (遵守)the right-hand-for-eating and the left-hand-for-other-duties rule. If you eat with your left hand, your fellows will be mortified. And when taking food from a communal(公共的) bowl, stick to a portion that’s closest to you. Do not be
greedy and plunge your hand into the center。
许多文化依然推崇传统的进食方式——用手吃。在这种情况下，食物往往是众人一起分享的，因此饭前洗手很重要，而且要遵守用右手吃东西的习俗(左手往往有其他用途)。如果你用左手吃，同伴会感觉蒙受羞辱。当大家一起从公共的碗里取食时，就吃离你最近的那部分吧，不要贪婪地把手伸向饭碗中央。
There are some common superstition and taboos in British and American society,for example:
1) To get out of bed on the wrong side means you will have a bad day. 下床方向错了，一天都不会顺利。
What You Should Do Instead 对策：
Are you Left-handed? Attempt to be ambidextrous(双手都灵巧的)--even children who are left-handed in these cultures are taught to eat with their right hand--or at least explain yourself to your fellow diners before eating。 你是左撇子吗？还是努力让自己的双手都灵巧吧——在这些文化里，即使是左撇子的孩子也被教会用右手吃饭——或者至少吃饭前向同伴解释一下。
Having said so much, maybe you will feel it’s so troublesome. However , what I have presented is only a small part, there are much more things that we should pay attention to.
What we should do? Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to the native behavior. Don’t let yourself get surprised by anything; try to take it in stride(泰然自若), and don’t feel offended if something seems offensive--like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village(地球村), and we are all very different。
一旦你踏上异国的土地，就要对当地人的一举一动高度敏感。千万不要大惊小怪，尽量使自己泰然自若，对一些看似无礼的行为也不要恼火——比如插队。毕竟，我们生活在一个地球村，不同的文化构成了我们共同的家园。
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