主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：
语法一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。
意义一致原则 句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，而是取决于
主语的单复数意义。
就近原则
当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。
I.
II. III. IV. V. VI.
以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致
一些句型结构的主谓一致 （定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）
其他结构中的主谓一致
I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
以 – s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 以 – s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语 以 – ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语 以 – s 结尾的地理名词作主语
以 – s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语 * 以 – ings 结尾的动名词作主语 其他以 – s 结尾的名词
II.
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致
集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。
1. 通常用作复数的集合名词
这类名词包括 people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin 等。 在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.
Cattle provide us with milk and beef.
People 解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加 s。 e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.
2. 通常用作单数的集合名词
machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形
式。
e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than expected.
All the machinery here is made in China.
3. 既能作复数又能做单数的集合名词
这类名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式主要取决于集合名词在上下文中的具体含义。
当作主语的集合名词强调的是一个整体或组织，谓语动词用单数形式
当作主语的集合名词强调的是整体中的个体或成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
这类词有： committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd, class, school, army, flock, herd, village 等。
e.g. A committee was asked to investigate the case. (强调委员会这一个整体)
The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. (强调委员会这个组织) The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. (强调委员会这个组织) The committee are divided in opinion. (强调委员会中的每个委员) The committee are at dinner. (强调委员会中的每个委员) My family is a big one. (强调家庭这一个整体)
My family are all diligent workers. (强调家庭中的所有成员)
The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. (谓语动词用复数形式，与their 呼应，强调观众中的每个成员)
The class consists of 45 students. (强调班级这个整体)
The class are unable to decide a monitor. (这里的 class 强调班级中的每一个成员) The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has hard. (强调牛群这一整体) The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. (强调牛群中的每一个个体) The village were all against the project. (强调村庄里的村民们)
4. 其他：
当主语是由 a committee/ board/ panel of 构成的短语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 e.g. A committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degree. A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition.
The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.
III. 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1. 用 and 或 both … and … 连接的并列主语
当 and 或 both … and … 连接的并列主语表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 e.g. Blue and yellow make green.
You and I are good friends.
The great scholar and poet is now dead. The great scholar and the poet are now dead
The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.
Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.
Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)
Bread and butter is nutritious. (涂有黄油的面包) The candlestick and candle sells for two pounds.
即使并列主语的中心词是单数，如果表示的意义是复数，仍应用动词复数。
e.g. Secondary and higher education have been made available in this newly-developed area.
What I say and think are no business of you. 当 and 连接的并列名词带有 each, every 或者 many a 等限定词时，随后的动词常用单数形式。
e.g. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.
Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. 2. 用 or, either… or …, neither … nor …,以及 not only … but also … 等连接的并列主语通常采用就近原则。 e.g. My father or my mother is likely to be at home.
Either you or he is to blame.
Either my father or my mother is coming.
Not only Mary but also her brothers were asked to sing some songs. Neither Bill nor his friends were confident of victory. Neither he nor I know the truth.
IV 表示数量的名词短语作主语
1. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语
some (of), a lot (of), lots (of), plenty (of), all (of), half (of), the rest (of), the remainder
(of), most (of), none (of), heaps, loads of, no 等。
我们经常根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的形式。 如果这些短语与可数名词复数连用，谓语动词就用复数
如果这些短语与不可数名词或可数名词单数连用，谓语动词就用单数。
如果这些数量词后面的名词省略了，我们要根据其意义判定谓语动词的单复数形式。
e.g. Some (of the desks) are broken.
Some (of the furniture) is broken.
The rest of us are to continue the work. The rest of the money is stolen. Lots of students want to have a try. Lots of time has been wasted.
Half of the lectures deal with the issue of birth control. Half of the lecture deals with the issue of birth control. Most of the students are hard working. Most of it is damaged. No one shows up. No two think alike.
如果主语是“分数/百分数+of+名词”，谓语动词的形式也取决于中心名词的单复数形
式。
e.g. Two thirds of the city was destroyed in the war.
Thirty-five percent of the doctors were female.
a number of + 名词复数 表示“许多…”，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of + 名词 表示“.…的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g. A great number of students have entred for the sports meeting.
The number of students has doubled in two years.
2. 表示时间和度量的名词短语通常作为一个整体看待, 谓语动词用单数形式
e.g. Twenty minutes is too long to wait.
Fifty pounds was paid for the coat.
Five days is needed to finish the repair work.
如果此类名词短语强调的是其中的每个个体，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. There are six silver dollars in each of the pockets.
3. 如果做主语的名词短语由“a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of, a kind of, a sort of,
a type of, this kind/sort/type of ”构成，无论中心名词的形式如何，谓语动词的形式通常都是单数。
e.g. There is a kind of rose in the garden.
This kind of peach is very juicy.
This kind of strawberries is highly priced.
但是如果名词短语的结构为“复数名词 + of this kind”，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. Peaches of this kind are juicy.
如果做主语的名词短语的形式为“these/those kind of +复数名词”,谓语动词用复数。 e.g. These kind of peaches are very juicy
4. 在“one in/ out of + 复数名词 ”这一结构后，谓语动词一般为单数形式。
e.g. One in ten students has failed the exam.
One out of twenty was badly hurt.
5. 由“many a + 单数名词”或者“more than one + 单数名词”组成的名词短语虽然在意
义上是复数，但习惯上谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Many a way has been tried.
More than one game was lost
More than one person has tried to open the door.
6. 在由 an average of, a majority of 构成的短语中，若中心词是 average 和 majority，动词用
单数；若中心词是他们后面的复数名词，动词用复数。 e.g. An average of 25 persons apply each month.
An average of 25 applications a month isn’t unusual.
A majority of the town’s younger men are moving to the city. A majority of three votes to one was recorded.
V. 一些句型结构中的主谓一致
1. 定语从句中的主谓一致
在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代词在定语从句中做主语，
定语从句中的谓语通常用复数形式。
e.g. This is one of the best films, which have appeared in a long time.
在“the only one of 或者 the one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，如果关系代
词在定语从句中做主语，定语从句的动词用单数形式 。 e.g. This is the only one of the best films that has pleased me.
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to accept the task. 2. 存在句中的主谓一致
存在句中谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词决定。 e.g. There is more grace and less carelessness.
There is one pencil-box and three boxes in the bag. 3. 强调句中的主谓一致 4. 名词性从句中的主谓一致 5. 非谓语形式做主语的主谓一致
VI. 其他结构中的主谓一致
1. 主语有肯定和否定组合而成时，谓语动词与肯定主语一致。 e.g. Not you but I am to blame.
I, not you, am to blame
Not he but you are to be fired. You, not he, are to be fired.
2. 请注意以下例中动词的单复数形式
Some of the clerks as much as the manager were responsible for the loss. He rather than his parents is to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go to the party. The manager with some clerks was working during the whole holidays. The father as well as his children is going to register. Bill together with his sisters was hurt in the accident. The truck along with all its goods was destroyed. The barn, in addition to the house, was burned. No one except two boys was late for dinner.
主谓一致
Choose the right form of the verb to fill in the blanks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Our school, as well, as the hospital nearby, (was / were) built in the 1930s. Nobody (wants/ want) to see that horrible moves. What I say and think (is/ are) no business of yours. Many a man (has/ have) come to help us. Two weeks (is/ are) enough for us to finish the project. Plenty of fruits, milk and vegetables (is needed/ are needed) for health. He is one of the speakers who (makes his/ make their) ideas easily understood.
Ms. Charney is the only one of the teachers who (has/ have) got the new idea. The number of people invited (was/ were) fifty, but a number of them (was/ were) absent for various reasons. A number of soldiers (has/ have) gathered at the camp gate. We each (has/ have) been given a gift. Each of us (has/ have) been given a gift. In the living room (is found/ are found) a large sofa and a book shelf. Not only I but also Tom and Tiffany (is/are) fond of skiing. What he will do (has/ have) nothing to do with me. Neither Bill nor his parents (is/ are )surprised at the news. Every means (has been tried/ have been tried) but without much result. Politics (is/ are) too complicated to analyse. The Philippines (lies/ lie) to the south-east of China. Enough of the data (has/ have) been collected. Two-thirds of the crop (was ruined/ were ruined) in the flood. I have been working for the company for a year already. However, none of the money (was passed/ were passed) to me. More than one girl (was/ were) missing in this district last week. The number of teachers (is/ are) never under 100 in this school. Not only he but also I (am/ is/ are) to answer for the accident. All but one (was/ were) here just now. Jack as well as his two friends (is/ are) worth teaching. Writing stories and articles (is/are) what my father enjoys most. Her family (is/are) quite well except that her uncle has been ill. Many a man and many a woman (wishes/wish) that he or she had had better education.
Every policeman and fireman (was/ were) on alert. This glass works (was/were) put up in 1990. Neither the magazines nor this book (is/are) allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
34. Dr. Hendrik, together with his wife and daughters, (is/are) to arrive on the evening flight.
35. Every book except these two (has/ have) been sold. 36. Everybody, men and women, old and young, (enjoys/ enjoy) sports and games. 37. Not only you but also Tom (has/ have) made such a mistake. 38. The surroundings of his house (is/ are) far from clean. 39. One pair of scissors (is/ are) not enough for the work. 40. Lots of rubbish (is/are) thrown away every day. 41. The majority of doctors (believes/ believe) smoking is harmful to health. 42. Thirty-five hundred dollars (was/ were) spent in a single night, which (was/ were) unbelievable. 43. The scientist and professor (is/are) to attend our meeting. 44. The police (is/are) searching everybody at the gate. 45. Three fourths of the surface of the lake (is/ are) covered with ice the next
morning.
46. Of the new students, sixty percent (is/are) girls. 47. (Is/Are) thirty five minutes enough for you to get there? 48. All that can be done (has/have) been done. 49. Anyway, it is you who (has/have) the right to decide. 50. Jane is the only one of the few girls that (speaks/ speak) Chinese well. 51. Seventy percent of the students here (is/are) from the countryside. 52. Three-fourths of the homework (has/ have) been finished today. 53. Only one third of the desks in the school (has/have) been repaired. 54. The total number of the population in China (was/were) 1,100 million on April 14, 1989.
55. More than 60 percent of world’s programmes (is/are) in English. 56. Those who (has/have) not handed in their compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.
57. Jane is one of the best students in her class who (is/are) praised by their teacher. 58. The whole class (is/are) listening to teacher attentively. 59. The subject of physics (has/ have) always interested him. 60. The United States of America (is/are) one of the most developed countries in the
world.
61. In winter wet clothes (is/are) often hung up near a fire. 62. Nobody (is/are) allowed to smoke in the cinema. 63. The rest of the magazines (was/ were) sold out within half an hour. 64. A large number of the students in our class (is/are) girls. 65. The number of students of this school (is/are) not large. 66. The League secretary and monitor (was/were) asked to make a speech at the meeting.
67. Mary as well as her sisters (studies/study) Chinese in China. 68. I, who (am/is/are) your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study. 69. The rich (is/are) not always happy. 70. John has two brothers, but either (is/are) out of work now.
71. The police (was/were) searching for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
72. About 40 percent of the population of that country (lives/live) on farm. 73. Apples of this kind (tastes/taste) good. 74. Your trousers (is/are) dirty. You must have them washed. 75. The Olympic Games (is/are) held every four years. 76. Many a man (has/have) come to help us. 77. No one but her parents (knows/know) it. 78. He is the only one of the students who (is/are) elected. 79. No girl and no boy (is/are) fond of such a dangerous game. 80. The results of the examination (shows/show) that you have all made a great
progress. 81. Two yuan (is/are) a reasonable price for this book. 82. Each of you (is/are) responsible for the accident. 83. You and I (am/is/are) of the same age. 84. The manager, as well as his advisers, (has agreed/ have agreed) to attend the world fair.
85. We have sold many computers of this kind and the rest (is/are) still on sale. 86. There (is/are) two cans of oil in the corner of the room. 87. Several girls (is/are) going to visit the Museum. 88. This kind of apples (is/are) highly priced. 89. One out of them (is/are) badly damaged. 90. Mr. Smith, and not I, (am/is/are) chosen to be representative. 91. Nobody but Jack and John (was/were) in the lab yesterday. 92. Both bread and butter (was/ were) sold out in that shop 93. Bread and butter (is/are) what they usually have for breakfast. 94. At the bus stop (was/were) a soldier and two young women on their way to
North Carblina.
历年高考题
1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited fifty , but a number of them absent
for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was, C. was, were D. were, were 5. Either you or the headmaster the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 6. Email, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
7. Every possible means to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 8. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are 9. As a result of destroying the forest, a large of desert covered the land. A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have 10. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 11. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 12. On top of the books the photo album you’re looking for.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
13. Telephone messages for the manager on her desk but she didn’t notice them.
A. were left B. was left C. was leaving D. were leaving 14. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet
the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 15. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, visiting a museum when the
earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 16. All the employees except the manager to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 17. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those form the countryside, in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 18. The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sunday
afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 19. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 20. The company had about 20 laptops but only one-third used regularly.
A. is B. are C. was D. were 21. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 22. No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
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