Grammar—_主谓一致
语法图解
探究发现
①Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.
②Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
③Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.
④Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.
⑤Ten hours has passed since I came here. [我的发现]
(1)句①中group强调成员，故其后谓语动词用复数形式；句③中的family和句④中的group强调整体，故其后谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)句②中的主语为动名词短语，故其谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
(3)表示时间、距离、金额、度量衡等名词作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如句⑤。
谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：
一、名词作主语
主语 可数名词单数或不可数名词 可数名词复数 只表示复数意义的集体名词people, police, cattle等 谓语动词 单数 复数 复数 family, class, group, team类集体名词 强调整体 强调成员 单数 复数 单数 根据其表达的单复数意义而定 只作不可数名词用的集体名词clothing, equipment, furniture, jewellery等 单复数同形的名词means, sheep, works, deer, fish等 The public was kept in the dark about the matter. 关于这件事情公众被蒙在鼓里。
The public now come to know the whole story. 人们现在越来越清楚那是怎么回事了。 The football team is being rebuilt. (他们)正在重建这个足球队。
The football team are having baths and then they are coming here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们会到这里喝茶。
[名师点津] goods, clothes, earnings, remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 [即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Land is (be) valuable. Not an inch of land is (be) allowed to waste. ②The children are (be) very fond of playing farm games. ③The police have (have) caught the criminal.
④The equipment of our factory is (be) all imported from Britain.
⑤Each means has (have) been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective.
⑥(安徽高考改编)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps (keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. ⑦His family was (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family. ⑧My family are (be) going on a trip this summer. 二、数量概念词作主语
主语 表示单位数量，指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语 the rest/part (of)及分数、百分数等 a number of＋可数名词复数 the number of＋可数名词复数 a quantity of/quantities of more than one/many a＋可数名词单数 谓语动词 单数 根据所指代或修饰的名词而定 复数 单数 根据quantity的形式而定 单数 one of＋可数名词复数 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea. 在深海处抓了很多鱼。 There is a large quantity of milk. 有大量的牛奶。
单数 [名师点津] (1)“more＋复数名词＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 More children than one are playing in the shade of the tree. 不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。
(2)在“one of＋复数名词/代词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。只有one之前出现the only, the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。试比较：
He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 他是通过这次考试的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 他是通过这次考试的唯一的学生。 [即时演练2]
(1)对比填空(用be动词的适当形式填空)
①A number of new houses were built there three years ago. ②At present, the number of the unemployed is still increasing. ③A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge. ④Quantities of time were spent in saving the wounded. ⑤The rest of the lecture is dull.
⑥The rest of the bicycles are on sale today. (2)用所给词的适当形式填空
(陕西高考改编)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.
三、不定代词作主语
主语 either, each (of), anyone, somebody, everything, no one等 both/few/many/several (of)等 谓语动词 单数 复数 指代或修饰可数名词复数 all/some/most (of) 指代或修饰不可数名词 指代或修饰可数名词复数 none (of) 指代或修饰不可数名词 复数 单数 单、复数均可 单数 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。 None of them knows/know the answers. 他们中没有人知道答案。
None of the information about him has been received. 一点也没收到关于他的消息。
Most of the students in this class are good at mathematics. 这个班的学生多半数学很好。 [即时演练3] 补全句子
①All are_eager_to reach an agreement. 大家都急于达成一项协议。 ②All is_well that ends well. 结果好，一切都好。
③None of the telephones is/are_working. 电话中没有一部是好用的。 四、并列结构作主语
主语 由both ... and ...连接 由either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., or, not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...连接 Both eggs and milk are good for your health. 鸡蛋和牛奶都对你的健康有好处。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter. 学生和老师都不知道这件事。
[名师点津] (1)and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no, each, every, many a等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。
谓语动词 复数 就近一致 The writer and poet was dead yesterday.
那位作家兼诗人昨天去世了。(同一个人，注意poet前无冠词。) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。 [即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Each teacher and each student was (be) given a ticket. ②Not only he but also all his family are (be) keen on concerts. ③Are (be) you or he good at English?
④Not only the students but also the teacher wants (want) to go climbing. ⑤Every boy and every girl likes (like) the film star.
⑥(湖南高考改编)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
五、其他情况
情 况 主语后有with, like, along/together with, as well as, rather than类短语 there be句式中 不定式、动名词作主语 主语从句作主语 定语从句中关系代词作主语 Steve, together with his wife and children, is arriving tonight. 史蒂夫跟妻子和孩子们将于今晚到达。
There is some paper, a dictionary and five books on the desk. 桌子上有一些纸、一部字典和五本书。 Reading often means learning. 读书常意味着学习。
Mr.Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。
[名师点津] (1)多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)what引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。 What he said has been recorded. 他说的话已被录音。
谓语动词 与主语一致 就近一致 通常为单数 通常为单数 与先行词一致 What I say and think are none of your business. 我说什么、想什么与你无关。 [即时演练5] (1)补全句子
①What we badly need are_good_teachers. 我们急需的是好老师。
②To prevent the air from being polluted is_what_we’re_now_researching. 防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。
③Whether they will hold a party or not has_not_been_decided. 他们还没有决定是否开派对。 (2)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(湖南高考改编)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be) around $8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them. ②(陕西高考改编)The basketball coach, as well as his team, was (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Either you or the president is (be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
2．I, who am (be) your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. 3．The Olympic Games in the year 2016 were (be) held in Rio, which is (be) known to us all.
4．There was (be) a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep it up. 5．Three million tons of coal is (be) exploited every year in the city. 6．Stories of the Long March is (be) popular with the young people now. 7．Mathematics is (be) the language of science. 8．Both rice and wheat are (be) grown in our country. 9．Has (have) either of your parents come to see you recently? 10．What the children in the mountain village need are (be) good books. Ⅱ.单句写作
1．A large quantity of storybooks has_been_bought for the children. (学校)为孩子们买了大量的故事书。
2．Believe it or not, everyone here has_a_gift_for_music. 信不信由你，这里的每个人都有音乐天赋。
3．Neither the students nor the teacher knows_the_reason_why_she_didn’t_turn_up. 学生和老师都不知道她没到场的原因。
4．All the furniture has_been_moved_to another room. 所有家具都已经被搬到了另一个房间里。
5．My neighbour and colleague is_watering_the_flowers. 我的邻居，也是我的同事，正在浇花。
6．Many a student was_on_the_spot when the accident happened. 当事故发生时，许多学生在现场。
7．The number of the people who know the secret is_very_limited. 知道这个秘密的人数量很有限。 Ⅲ.语法填空
Today is the anniversary of No.1 Middle School. A number of schoolmates __1__ (invite) to attend the meeting and the number __2__ (come) to 5,000. Many a famous scholar __3__ (arrive) and more than one of them __4__ (make) great contributions __5__ the building of their school. It just __6__ (fall) on the second day of the National Holiday, so many of the students studying at school __7__ (stay) at home __8__ the rest __9__ (remain) at school helping their teachers to serve the __10__ (guest). As far as everyone present at the meeting is concerned, their school is always the best.
答案：1.have been invited 2.comes 3.has arrived 4．has made 5.to 6.falls 7.are staying 8.while 9．remain 10.guests
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