关系代词的用法及练习(附答案)

关系代词的用法及练习(附答案)

关系代词? 1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。

它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如： The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

（该句中 whom 既代表先行词 the girl，又在从句中作介词 to 的宾语。

）2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。

在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物， 见表：主格 宾格 属格指人 who whom whose指物 which that whose/of which指人或物 that that of which/whose? 例如：This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。

（which 指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）★ 关系代词的用法1、关系代词的句法功能1）关系代词在句中作主语例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics2）关系代词在句中作宾语例如：I like music that I can sing along with.3）关系代词在句中作表语例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be.2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语

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例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short? 3、关系代词的用法 1）who 和 whom 的用法：二者都用于指人。

Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。

Whom 在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而 who 则不能。

例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a partyin the shopping center yesterday. 2）whose 的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。

在定语从句中作定语。

例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. 3）which 的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。

例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 4）that 的用法：指人或物，指人时可与 who、whom 互换，指物时可与 that 互换。

在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。

例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes. 4、用 who 不用 that 的情况 1）先行词是指人的不定代词时 例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who enteredthe competitions. 2）先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother. 3）用在 there be 结构中。

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例如：There is a young man who wants to see you. 4）避免重复或引起歧义。

例如：The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghan. 5）当先行词是 I, you, he, they 等时（常用语谚语之中）。

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例如：He who plays with fire gets burned. 6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用 who。

例如：The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music. 7）先行词如是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用 who。

例如：You will see the worker ants,who gather food for themselves and for all the others. 8）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用 who，不指特定的人时多用 that。

例如：The aunt who came to see us last week is my father’s sister. People that have not been properly trained can’t do this kind of qork.5、在以下情况中，关系代词用 that 1）先行词为 all, little, few, none 及 some-, any-, no-与 thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用 that。

例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 2）先行词前有 only, some, any 等形容词修饰时，只能用 that。

例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 3）先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用 that。

例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 4）先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 6、只能用 which 不能用 that 的情形 1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用 which例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用 which例如：The tree under which we used

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to take a rest has been cut down. 3）先行词本身就是 that 时例如：I don’t like that which he did.

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7、介词与关系代词1）与关系代词搭配的介词的确定（1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.（2）依据先行词的某种下滚搭配来确定。

I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.（3）根据所表达的意思确定。

The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.（4）在英语中有时为了强调某一名词，关系代词前也加上介词。

Here is the money with which to buy a piano.2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置1）关系代词 whom，which 在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。

为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

Is this the watch which he is looking for? 3）关系代词 that 在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The city that she lives in is very far away? 4）关系代词 whose 也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

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The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. 3、“名词/数词/代词/介词+关系代词” 结构常见的形式有：名词 one/two/some/many/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。

I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.NAME: Relative PronounHuman NonhumansDATE: Subject who, thatwhich, that1. 用关系代词引导的的定语从句Object who, whom, that, Φwhich, that, ΦPossessive whose, of whom whose, of which

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1) This is the thief (that/who/whom) we are looking for these days.2) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.3) Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in.2. 关系代词只能用 that 的情况1) 先行词是 all, the only, the very, no, any, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词。

Eg1. All that he said is true.Eg2. He is the only foreigner that has come here.2) 先行词是序数词 the first, second, third, four, the last 或被序数词修饰的词。

Eg. She was the second (person) that told me the secret.3) 先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰的词。

Eg. This is the best book (that) I have read this year.4) 先行词又有人又有物的时候。

Eg. He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.5) 先行词为 way 时的限定性定语从句由 that, in which, Φ 引导。

Eg1. I don’t like the way that you spoke. = I don’t like how you spoke.Eg2. The way in which he spoke to us was suspicious.3. 先行词指人，关代只能用 who 的情况1) 先行词是 one, ones, anyone。

Eg. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2) 先行词是 those。

Eg. Those who want to see the film sign up here..4. 先行词指物，关代只能用 which 的情况1) 非限定性定语从句Eg. The tree, which is four hundred years old, is

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very famous here.2) 介词后Eg. We depend on the land from which we get our food.5. 关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用 who 指人，that 指物。

Eg1. Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?Eg2. Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me.6. 关系代词作从句的宾语时，常用 which 或 whom,且关系代词常常省略。

Eg. I was invited by the host (whom I met) at Joe’s house.7. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Eg. 关系代词在定从中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引出。

The school which he once studied in is very famous.= the school in which he once studied is very famous.1) 当关系代词紧跟在介词后面，必须用 which 或 whom，而当介词移到句尾时，可以用 that 或 who。

Eg. This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.= This is the room which Miss Li once lived in.2) 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。

Eg. Look for, look after, take care ofEg. This is the watch which I am looking for.3) 代词/数词+介词+关系代词Eg1. He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.Eg2. China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan.8. 限定性定语从句遇非限定性定语从句限定性定从对被修饰的先行词有限定作用，使该词更具体明确，不能省略，否则主句句意不完整。

非限定性定从对被修饰的先行词作附加说明，不起限定作用，可以省略，主句句意仍完整。

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Eg1. This is the telegram which he refers to. (限)Eg2. This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. (非限)Eg3. She sang a song, which we liked very much.(非限)Eg4. The English party, which was held in our school, was good.(非限)

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·Multiple Choice 1-5DDDDA 6-10BABAC 11-12DC1.The thief (_______ stole the bicycle) has been caught.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.that or who2.Show me the road _______ leads to the railway station.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.that or which3.He (_______ does his best) should be rewarded.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.who or that4.My grandfather (_______ I loved) is dead.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom5.Kalidas, _______ wrote some fine dramas in Sanskrit, is often called the Shakespeare of India.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.who or that6.He is a rogue (_______ no one trusts).A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which7.That boy (_______ you see there) sings very well.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whom or that8.Coal,( _______ is a very useful mineral,) is found in many parts of India.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.who or that9.John (_______ sings very well) is popular among the girls.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.who or that10.We bought

some

apples

from

_______

we

extracted

the

juice.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose11. I have two grammar books, _______ are of great use.A.all of whichC.either of whichB.both of thatD.both of which12. This is one of the best films ____________.A. that have been shown this yearC. that has been shown this yearB. which have been shown this yearD. which has been shown this year13. The only thing _______ we can do now is to keep calm. that14. The flowers (_______ you bought yesterday) were placed in the bedroom. that/which15. It is one of the best films _____ I ever seen. that16. The girl (____ is sitting under the big tree) is Mary’s cousin. who17. He has a dog (_____ can run very fast). which/that18. Mary has an uncle _____ store is in Taipei. whose19. I still remember the college and the teachers (_____ I visited in London years ago). whom20. The lady (_____ was here last week) is my best friend. who/that21. A Bite of China is the most funny one (______ I have ever seen). that22. Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy

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(______ made him a fool in the whole of class). who23. My neighbor is the man (____ T-shirt is red). whose 24. He failed in the examination, _____ made his father very angry. which 25. He talked a lot about things and persons ______ they remembered in America. that 26. Some of the roads were flooded, ______ made our journey more difficult. which 27. I know a man (_____ doesn’t work very hard). who 28. I don’t like animals _____ have four legs. which/that 29. The students (_____ came to school late) have to stand outside.·Combine the sentences

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She likes the student. The student gave some flowers to her.Example: She likes the student who gave some flowers to her.1. I don’t know the man. The man is talking to Mary. I don’t know the man who is talking to Mary.The man that I don’t know is talking to Mary. 2.The man is my father. The man is reading a newspaper. The man who is reading a newspaper is my father. 3. The boy is Tom. The boy likes to talk in class. The boy (that/who likes to talk in class) is Tom. 4. Take the pencils. The pencils are in my pencil box. Take the pencilswhich are in my pencil box. 5. I have a class. The class begins at 8:00 in the morning. I have a class that begins at 8:00 in the morning. 6. The ball is red. The ball is under the tree. The ball that/which is under the tree is red. 7. I read the book. The book is about animals. _ I read the book that is about animals.小试牛刀，看看你掌握了关系代词的用法吗？1. Finally he reached a lonely island _______ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom2. Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which4. What a pity! The book _____ is not in the library.A. that I need itB. I need itC. which I need itD. which I need.5. Can you tell me where the doctor ______ I am looking for is ?A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose6. That tree, the branches _______ are almost bare, is an old one.A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which7. Liu Xiang is an honor of our country, ________ name is known to us all.

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A. herB. thatC. whichD. whose8. Those _____ want to see the film, please hand in your money.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whom9. Have you ever seen a mountain, ________ is covered with snow all the year?A. whose top B. of which the top C. the top of which D. all the above10. Tom’s brother, _______ is in the States studying medicine, will graduate soon.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. whichKeys: 1-5 CBADC6-10 BDBDA