中国文化习题与答案

中国文化练习题及答案 Part 1 Wisdom and Beliefs

Unit 1 Confucian Thought on Heaven and Humanity Homework:

(一）Questions:

1) What is The Analects mainly about? 2) What is Confucius’view on Heaven?

3) What is Confucius’innovative idea about Heaven? 4) What does the “heavenly mission”refer to?

5) How is Confucius’concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?

6) What is Confucius’interpretation of ren?

7) According to Confucius, what is the most important part of li?

8) What qualities are “persons of virtue”supposed to have? 9) Why do people need to study music according to Confucius?

（二）Translation

1）天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？ 2) 生生之谓易。 3）天地之大德曰生。 4）获罪于天，无所禄也。 5）仁者，人也，亲亲为大。 6）父母在，不远游，游必有方。

7）父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。 8）己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。 9）己所不欲，勿施于人。

10）子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。

11）礼之用，和为贵。

12）知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。 （三）Careful Reading

1、Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1)All the following are the titles of Confucius EXCEPT _____. A. an educator B. a biologist C. a scholar D. a philosopher

2)The expression “filial piety”most probably means being _____.

A. loyal to the state B. obedient to sister(s) C. responsible D. dutiful to parents

3) Which of the following can best describe Confucius’view on the relationship between man and nature/Heaven?

A. Brothers.

B. Husband and wife. C. Doctor and patient. D. Mother and son.

4) Through burial and ancestral worship rituals, people can learn that______.

A. nature is lifeless so it will never die

B. individual’s life can be everlasting by joining nature C. they should be grateful to their parents for giving them lives

D. individual’s lifespan is short, so they should enjoy life as much as possible

5) Which of the following is the most important part of Confucius’curriculum?

A. Music. B. Calligraphy C. Virtue D. Mathematics

6) Zi lu, Ran You and Gongxi Chi’s aspirations represent______, while Zeng Dian’s reflects_____.

A. personal ambition; selfishness B. lofty ideals; meaningless pursuit

C. personal struggle; generous contribution D. individual contribution to society; harmony (四）Communication 1) God bless 2) Thank God 3) Please God 4) For God’s sake 5) God forbid

6) Man proposes, God disposes.

7) God helps those who help themselves. Answers （一）Questions

1. 1) The Analects is mainly about Confucius’ words and life story.

2) Confucius regarded Heaven as nature.

3) Confucius’innovative idea about Heaven is that Heaven (or nature) is the process of life creation.

4)The heavenly mission is to accomplish Heaven’s purpose of protecting and improving life.

5)Confucius advocated “standing in awe of the ordinances

of Heaven”and warned against offending Heaven. This is, in essence, equivalent to the modern idea of staying in harmony with nature. So in this way Confucius’concept of Heaven is similar to the modern ecological civilization.

6)Confucius interpreted ren as love of people, which begins with the love for one’s parents.

7)According to Confucius, the most important part of li is the burial and ancestral worship rituals.

8)Persons of virtue are supposed to have sound character and uplifted minds and they can shoulder important social responsibilities and make contributions to society.

9) According to Confucius, studying music can lift one’s spirit and

help one appreciate beauty. （二）Translation

1）Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.

2) Continuous creation of life is change.

3) The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life. 4) He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.

5) The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents. 6) Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.

7) Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.

8) While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill

theirs.

9) Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.

10) A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.

11) The role of li is to maintain harmony among people. 12) Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue is not as good as setting it as one’s goal. Setting it as one’s goal is not as good as

enjoying practicing of it. （三）Careful Reading B D D B C D

(四）Communication

1)上帝保佑[用于向某人表示关爱] 2）天地，感上帝

3）但愿[用于表示非常强烈的愿望]

4）看在上帝的份上，行行好把[表示某事很重要] 5）但愿（某事）不会发生 6) 谋势在人，成事在天。 7）自助者天助也

Unit 2 Laozi’s Philosophy of Non-action Assignment--- fill in the blanks

1) Laozi’s thought has a great influence on the characteristics; trends of thought; and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese people.

2) The examples of birds, fish, clouds and flowers are used to illustrate that everything in the world has its own way of being and development.

3) The difference between great ingenuity and ordinary

ingenuity lies in the fact that the latter can be achieved through human effort, but the former is superior to the latter.

4) In order to become strong, one should start with one’s own weak points;instead of oppressing the weak.

5) In Laozi’s opinion, fragility is the symbol of life.

6) The highest level of one’s cultivation is to return to the state of a