英语词汇教学案例---通过语境教词汇
以中考中的高频词汇“pick up”一词为例,“pick up”一词意思很多,很难全面掌握,也许很多同学知道它的基本意思“拾起、捡起”及“(开车)接或搭载(某人)”,但要记住和理解“pick up”的其他几层意思,如“重新开始,继续;获得,学会;身体恢复健康;收听到;买到;染上(疾病)”就不那么容易了。如此多的意思要学生一下子记住,确实会免为其难。如果我们把这些意思用一些相关的句子来掌握它,就不会那么枯燥,效果也就大不一样了。比如:我们可以先把 “pick up”一词放在一些特定的语境中,呈现给学生一组相关例句。
如:(1) Please pick up your hat;
(2) I’ll pick you up at the street corner at three, so don’t be late!;
(3) We will pick up where we finished yesterday.;
(4) He pick up some French when he was staying in Paris.
(5) He soon picked up after a few days’ rest.
(6) If I have a radio, I can often pick up the BBC programmers.;
(7) Can you tell me where I can pick up a second-hand car?;
(8) I am sorry to tell you that she picked up a terrible disease while she was working in Africa.
呈现出这些例句后,教师让学生先根据已有知识猜测句中词义,然后自己总结该词的相关意思。在学生猜测词义的过程中如遇到较难的地方教师适当加以点拨,以利于学生准确把握,如当“pick up”作“获得,学会”解时是指(偶尔)学会,学到,并非专门地,系统地学习;当“pick up”作“买到”解时,是指用较少的钱买到,并非花大量的金钱去购买。当“pick up”作“接,搭载”解时是指开车接或搭载某人,而不是用其他方式。教师在点拨完,并让学生理解例句的基本含义后,可以带着学生去深层挖掘一下“pick up”的本意,并引导学生分析“pick up”的其他意思实际上都是由它的本意引申而来的,都与它的本意多多少少有所牵连,能扯上关系,这样就有利于学生理解记忆了。在理清这些词义后老师还可以再趁热打铁,再通过展示以下填空题,翻译题,选择题及阅读理解题让学生活学活用。如:
1.填空题:
He picked up some English while he was on a business trip in England.
2.翻译题
(1). The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
(2). Where did you pick up your technical skill?
你的技术是在哪儿学的?
(3). The car stopped to pick me up.
汽车停下来接我。
(4).You will pick up after a day or two in bed.
卧床休息一俩天,你就会好起来的。
3.选择题
(1).He D some French while he was on a business trip in Paris.
(2).We'll send the ambulance to B the patient.
(3).It's easy to C her friend in a crowd because he is very tall.
A. made out B. pick up
C. pick out D. picked up
4.阅读理解题
在学生做完这样的单句练习后,老师可以马上给学生一篇这样的简短文章,让学生通过上下文来猜测“pick up”在具体语境中的意思,考察学生是否真正掌握了该词的意义及用法。
Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say,“Of course.” But that's not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it.When you talk,you set up sound waves. The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your
outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight
to your inner ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That is why they don’t hear your voice
the way you do.
在这篇阅读理解中,作者设置了这样一道选择题:
The underlined phrase “pick up” here means _______.
A.to raise B. to gain C. to select D. to pull
很显然,该题是要学生根据上下文猜测“pick up”在本句中的具体含义,很多学生在做题过程中,如果不看上下文胡乱猜测,很有可能错选答案A,但只要仔细读完上下文,再根据“The bones of your head pick up the
sound waves, too.”这句话来理解,“pick up”只能作为“获得,得到”解,句
子才通顺,而选项中只有B答案(gain 获得,得到)有该层意思,因此学生将这些因素综合考虑,就应该很容易得出正确答案B来。
通过以上练习的及时训练和巩固,不仅能帮助学生理解,还能让学生牢固记忆,再加以运用。通过以上的选择题我们还可以让学生既学习了新的词汇,又能同时复习旧的词汇,了解近义词组的用法,一举多得,知识得到了很好的拓展与迁移,符合学生的认知规律,教学效果显著。老师再顺势要求学生能做到举一反三,那就事半功倍了。通过如此这般地学习,笔者认为以后遇到有关“pick up”的考题,学生做起来应该得心应手了。
由此窥一斑而见全貌,所有英语词汇我们都可以通过语境来学习,切忌孤立地记忆,到了实际运用时又束手无策。
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