第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
To celebrate his sixtieth birthday, Devon’s father organized a family vacationto Alaska. On the long northward flight, Devon ___1___ (think) that she would have preferred a tropical (热带的) island. But she changed her mind on their third day, ___2___ they hiked out onto Root Glacier (冰川) with a guide. Standing inside an ice cave beneath the glacier’s surface, Devon stared in amazement at the glowing neon (氖) blue of the glacial ice surrounding her. This was ___3___ (definite) worth the trip!
【答案】1. was thinking/thought 2. when 3. definitely 【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。为了庆祝他六十岁的生日，Devon的父亲组织了一次去阿拉斯加的度假。 【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：在向北的长途飞行中，Devon认为她更喜欢一个热带岛屿。分析整篇文章可知，这件事情发生在过去，故可使用一般过去时；根据上文的“On the long northward flight”可知，Devon正在向北的长途飞行中，故可用过去进行时也可以。故填was thinking或thought。 【2题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但她在第三天改变了主意，他们带着向导徒步走上了冰川。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制定语从句，先行词是“their third day”为时间，在定语从句中时间状语，故填when。 【3题详解】
考查副词。句意：这次旅行绝对值得！分析句子可知，句中不缺成分，且definitely修饰整个句子。故填definitely。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
While bottled water is convenient, it is also really bad for the environment. Not only does it create rubbish, but it also uses more resources because it ___4___ (ship) to the shore. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit ___5___ (carry) a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water on the go. Plastic bottles are usually the ___6___ (light) and most convenient. You can also find glass water bottles that are a great choice if don’t like using plastic. 【答案】4. is shipped 5. to carry 6. lightest 【解析】
这是一篇议论文。瓶装水虽然方便，但也确实对环境有害。为了更加环保，你应该养成一个习惯，随身携带一个可重复使用的水瓶。 【4题详解】
考查语态。句意：它不仅制造垃圾，而且为了运到岸边，还要使用更多的资源。分析句意可知it与ship之间是被动关系，分析句子可知，文章使用的是一般现在时，故填is shipped。 【5题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了更加环保，你应该养成一个习惯，随身携带一个可重复使用的水瓶。make+it+n+to do意为：“使做某事怎么样”。分析上下文可知，使携带一个可重复使用的水瓶成为习惯。故填to carry。 【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意：塑料瓶通常是最轻和最方便的。分析句意可知，and并列两个相同的成分。根据下文的 “most convenient.”可知，此处应填light的最高级。故填lightest。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The debate ___7___ junk food in schools has gone for many years, and people on both sides feel very strongly. Some people believe junk food, such as candy, cookies,
potato chips, and soda, ___8___ (taste) good, but it’s not good for the human body. This is ___9___ they have made an effort to ban it from schools. They think taking junk food out of schools will make kids healthier.
Others, however, believe this kind of ban doesn’t make much of a difference. Instead of banning junk food, they suggest students should be given choices between healthy and unhealthy ones. ___10___ (learn) to make healthier choices on their own is an important part of growing up. 【答案】7. over/about/on 8. tastes 9. why 10. Learning/To learn 【解析】
这是一篇议论文。学校里关于垃圾食品的争论已经很多年了。有些人认为垃圾食品味道很好，但对人体不好。这就是为什么他们努力禁止在学校使用垃圾食品的原因；不过，也有人认为，这种禁令没有多大影响。他们建议学生们应该在健康食品和不健康食品之间做出选择，而不是禁止垃圾食品。学会自己做出更健康的选择是成长过程中的一个重要部分。 【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：学校里关于垃圾食品的争论已经很多年了。debate over/about/on为固定用法，意为“关于…的争论”。故填over/about/on。 【8题详解】
考查动词。句意：有些人认为垃圾食品，如糖果、饼干、薯条和苏打水，味道很好，但对人体不好。分析句子可知，此句的主语是junk food，为不可数名词。故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数；且taste无被动形式。故填tastes。 【9题详解】
考查连接副词。句意：这就是为什么他们努力禁止在学校使用垃圾食品的原因。this is why…为固定句式，意为 “这就是…的原因”。故填why。 【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词做主语。句意：学会自己做出更健康的选择是成长过程中的一个重要部分。 分析句子可知，句中缺少主语。因句中已有谓语动词is，所以用动名词或不定式作主语。故填learning/to learn。
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
New Distractions (使人分心的事)
Madeline’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year however, her parents announced a new ___11___ no phones allowed for the entire week. “No distractions,” they said. “But my friends will be ___12___ updates,” Madeline protested. “They’ll have to ___13___,” her mom said. “What if something bad happens?” Madeline changed her ___14___ Her mom shook her head as she opened a drawer. Madeline saw that her parents’ phones were already in it. Madeline had to ___15___ her phone in, too. The drive to the beach house took most of the day. That night after dinner, Madeline wandered into the kitchen, where her father was ___16___ dishes. “Still hungry?” he asked. “No,” she answered. Then she gave him a ___17___ look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back? Just so I can tell everyone what a(n) ___18___ time I’m having?” “Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember? ___19___ out the bookcase in the living room,” he suggested. “Might find something you like.” She walked into the living room and spotted a jigsaw puzzle (拼图玩具) on the bookcase. She took it, put the pieces on the table, and began to ___20___ them. After what seemed like minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been ___21___ for almost two hours! The puzzle was less than half done. It would have been nice to ___22___ a picture of the puzzle with her friends, she thought. The next morning, a golden sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene ___23___ Madeline of a photo that Brandi had shared. Her friends had oohed and ahhed over it. This view was even better. It would leave everyone ___24___ Madeline’s hand ___25___ to the bedside table, but there was nothing there.
That evening, Madeline lost herself in the jigsaw puzzle again. She felt a little excited every time the shapes ___26___. Soon, all that were left were a few gaps. She quickly put the remaining pieces into place. The puzzle was ___27___.
She stepped back to ___28___ the finished puzzle. The picture showed an old painting of several farmhands working in a brown field and there was a giant rainbow arching across the sky.
Madeline enjoyed the puzzle for a few minutes, trying to ___29___ the image in
her mind. Then, she quietly started taking it ___30___. That, she thought, was just for me. 11. A. rule discovery 12. A. providing selecting 13. A. wait 14. A. behaviour 15. A. bring 16. A. serving 17. A. curious 18. A. limited ordinary 19. A. Pick 20. A. collect 21. A. reading watching 22. A. share 23. A. warned persuaded 24. A. speechless confused 25. A. rolled 26. A. moved gathered 27. A. clear complete 28. A. recognize describe 29. A. preserve
B. result
B. expecting
B. guess B. strategy B. hide B. preparing B. serious B. amazing
B. Figure B. sort B. thinking
B. draw B. reminded
B. hopeless
B. pointed B. changed
B. separate
B. resolve
B. present
C. date
C. considering
C. search C. mind C. push C. washing C. strange C. boring
C. Clean C. mix C. working
C. explain C. convinced
C. amused
C. shot C. met
C. complex
C. appreciate
C. create
D.
D.
D. judge D. mood D. drop D. cooking D. loving D.
D. Check D. examine D.
D. discuss D.
D.
D. rose D.
D.
D.
D. improve
30. A. away B. down C. over D. apart
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。玛德琳和父母一起去旅行。今年，她的父母宣布了一项新规定：一周内不准打电话。起初玛德琳不愿意，但是在父亲的引导下，她在客厅的橱柜里发现了一个拼图。最后完成了一幅美景图。 【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年，她的父母宣布了一项新规定，一周内不准打电话。A. rule规定，规则；B. result结果；C. date日期；D. discovery发现。根据下文的 “no phones allowed for the entire week”可知，玛德琳的父母宣布了一项新规定。故选A。 【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的朋友会期待更新。A. providing提供；B. expecting期待；C. considering考虑；D. selecting挑选。根据下文的 “They’ll have to wait”可知，朋友会期待她朋友圈消息的更新的。故选B。 【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们得等。A. wait等待；B. guess猜；C. search寻找；D.jugde判断。根据上文玛德琳和她父母的对话可知，妈妈不允许玛德琳拿手机，故朋友们得等待玛德琳更新消息。故选A。 【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛德琳改变了策略。A. behaviour行为；B. strategy 策略；C. mind心思；D. mood心情。根据上文玛德琳和妈妈的对话可知，她跟妈妈的讨价还价失败了。故在此她改变了策略。故选B。 【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛德琳也不得不把电话放进去。A. bring带来；B. hide藏；C. push推；D. drop落下，扔下。根据上文的“Madeline saw that her parents’ phones were already in it”
可知，看到爸爸妈妈的手机已经在抽屉里面了，所以玛德琳也不得不放进去。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上晚饭后，玛德琳走进厨房，她父亲正在那里洗碗。A. serving服务；B. preparing准备；C. washing洗；D. cooking做饭。根据上文的 “That night after dinner, Madeline wandered into the kitchen”可知，吃完晚饭后，爸爸正在洗碗。故选C。 【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后她带着爱的眼神，用她最甜美的声音说：“我不能把手机拿回来吗。A. curious好奇的；B. serious严肃的；C. strange奇怪的； D. loving充满爱的。根据下文的 “said in her sweetest voice”可知，她带着爱的眼神看着爸爸。故选D。 【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是想告诉大家我过得很开心。A. limited有限的；B. amazing令人惊喜的；C. boring无聊的；D. ordinary平凡的。通过上文可知，玛德琳一家是去度假，故她想告诉朋友们她的假期很棒，很开心。故选B。 【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去客厅里的书柜看看。A. Pick捡；B. Figure认为；C. Clean打扫；D. Check检查。根据上文的“It’s not here”以及下文的“Might find something you like.”可知，爸爸让她去客厅检查一下。故选D. 【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她拿过来，把碎片放
桌子上，开始整理。A. collect收集；
B. sort分类，整理；C. mix混合；D. examine检查。通过上文，玛德琳发现了一个拼图，以及下文她把拼图拼好了可知，此时她开始整理拼图碎片。故选B。 【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：已经十点多了。她已经工作了将近两个小时了！A. reading读；B. thinking思考；C. working工作；D. watching看。通过下文的“The puzzle was less than half done”可知，玛德琳已经拼了将近2个小时了。故选C。 【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想，要是能和朋友们分享这张拼图就好了。A. share分享；B. draw画；C. explain解释；D. discuss讨论。通过上文的“a picture of the puzzle with her friends”可知，此时玛德琳想和她的朋友分享这个拼图的美景。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一幕让玛德琳想起了布兰迪曾分享的一张照片。A. warned警告；B. reminded使想起；C. convinced坚信；D. persuaded说服。根据上文的“The next morning, a golden sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless”可知，这个美景让玛德琳想起了朋友曾经分享的一张照片。故选B。 24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这儿的景色更好，会让每个人都说不出话来。A. speechless说不出话的；B. hopeless没有希望的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文的“This view was even better.”可知，这儿的景色更美，会让每个人都惊叹。故选A。
【【25题详解】 【26题详解】
德琳都感到兴奋。故选C。 【27题详解】 【28题详解】 【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛德琳的手朝床头柜伸去，但什么也没有。A. rolled滚动；B. pointed指出；C.shot 突然把…投向 ；D.rose上升，提高。通过上文可知，玛德琳的手机被妈妈收起来了，此时她想往床头柜拿手机。故选C。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次这些形状相遇，她都感到有点兴奋。A. moved移动；B. changed改变；C. met遇见；D. gathered聚集。根据上下文可知，每当拼图被拼在一起的时候，玛
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快把剩下的碎片放好。拼图完成了。A. clear干净的；B. separate分离的；C. complex复杂的；D. complete完整的。根据上文的“She quickly put the remaining pieces into place.”可知，玛德琳已经把拼图完成了。故选D。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她退后一步欣赏完成的拼图。A. recognize识别出；B. resolve解决；C. appreciate欣赏；D. describe描述。根据上文可知，拼图已经完成了，故玛德琳退后一步欣赏已经完成的拼图。故选C。
考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛德琳欣赏了几分钟的拼图，试图在脑海中保留这个拼图。A. preserve保留，保存；B. present呈现；C. create创造；D. improve提高。根据下文的“in her mind”可知，她试图在脑海里保存这个拼图。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她悄悄地开始把它拆开。A. away离开；B. down向下；C. over在…上面；D. apart分开。根据下文的“That, she thought, was just for me.”可知，她把已经拼好的拼图拆了。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第5小题要求判断玛德琳怎么处理她的手机的。根据上文的“Madeline saw that her parents’ phones were already in it”可知，看到爸爸妈妈的手机已经在抽屉里面了，所以玛德琳也不得不放进去。故选D。
还可以根据生活常识进行解答。比如：6小题判断爸爸在厨房干什么，根据常识可知，吃过晚饭后，爸爸应是正在厨房洗碗。故选C项。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共30 分）
A
Membership Card
Fighting Fit is a members-only club. When you first join, we give you a computerized card. It has your name, photo and membership number on.
Please have your card with you every time you use the club. The card is for your use only, and there is a small charge to provide a new one if you lose it. Members are permitted to bring guests to use the facilities at the club. A visiting guest fee is charged for each guest. Fitness Programs
Your Fitness Program includes a meeting with one of our skilled instructors. This will happen two or three weeks after you have joined. The instructor looks at your health, your current needs and the way you live, and organizes a program suitable
for you. Gymnasium
Our gymnasiums are the most modern in the area and have high quality exercise equipment. For safety reasons, you must wear sportswear and trainers while exercising, and please remember to take a small towel too. It is one of our rules that you wipe the equipment after use.
There is no limit to how long you spend in the gymnasiums, but we ask you to respect other members by only spending 20 minutes on each piece of equipment. There are experienced staff helping you in the gymnasiums at any time. Locker Rooms
We have large male and female locker rooms. Please ensure that your property is kept in your locker at all times. Any belongings which are found in a locker overnight will be removed and taken to Lost Property. Café
The Café offers free tea, coffee and soft drinks. Suggestion Box
Members' suggestions are always welcome, and the suggestion box and forms can be found at reception. We try to respond within two days. 31. At the Fighting Fit Health Club, you can . A. have free drinks in the Café
B. share your membership card with friends C. spend as long as you like on all equipment D. leave personal items in the locker for 24 hours
32. What does the Fighting Fit Health Club provide for its members? A. Help from the staff all the time. B. A second membership card for free. C. Certain kinds of clothes and towels. D. A personalized program on their first visit. 33. Where is the information most probably from? A. A news report.
B. A guide book. C. A notice board. D. A reference book.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. C 【解析】
这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了会员专用的俱乐部——格斗健身。关于这个俱乐部的一些情况以及会员应该注意的事项。 【31题详解】
细节理解题，根据倒数第二段中“The Café offers free tea, coffee and soft drinks.”可知，俱乐部提供免费的饮品。结合选项，故选A。 【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“There are experienced staff helping you in the gymnasiums at any time.”可知，你可以随时向俱乐部里面的工作人员寻求帮助。结合选项，故选A。 【33题详解】
推理判断题。分析文章可知，本文主要讲述了格斗健身俱乐部的一些情况以及会员应该注意的事项。故本文可能取自于布告栏，通知会员相关信息。结合选项，故选C。
B
A Dream Chaser in a Wheelchair
Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. That ambition nearly ended in 2010 when Hill was in a car accident, which put the 17- year-old high school senior in hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed from the waist down. For most people, that would have destroyed any hope of a dancing career. But for Hill, it was the beginning. Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair encouraged her to fight. “I want to prove to everyone including myself that I'm still normal,” she said, \"whatever normal means.\"
Normal for her meant dancing, so Hill did it in her wheelchair alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. Half of her body was taken away from her, so she had to move it with her hands. It took much learning and patience.
After graduation from high school, Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who were fighting for the dream of
dancing against various spinal(脊椎的)injuries, and invited them to dance with her. To reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called the Rollettes.
Every year Hill holds a dance camp called the Rollettes Experience for wheelchair users to help them bring out their acting talent. In 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended. For many, it was the first time they'd felt they belonged. Edna Serrano said that being part of the Rollettes team gave her the courage to get behind the wheel of a car. “I didn't know I could do so many things that my fellow teammates had taught me.” she said. “I didn't know I could be sexy. It's so powerful to have my teammates in my life, because they're my teachers. I have more confidence.”
Chelsie Hill attained what many of us never will: her childhood dream. She has been chasing her dream in the wheelchair. She's a dancer. The Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling. 34. What happened to Chelsie Hill in 2010? A. She last her hope of dancing. B. She suffered from a serious disease. C. She realized her dream of becoming a dancer. D. She was severely disabled due to a car accident. 35. Why did Chelsie Hill set up the Rollettes in 2014? A. To expand her social network. B. To enlarge her dance business. C. To seek more chances to dance. D. To motivate more people like her.
36. What change did the Rolleltes Experience bring to Edna Serrano? A. She could help others. B. She had more faith in herself. C. She learned how to drive. D. She became sexier than before.
37. Which of the following words can best describe Chelsie Hill?
A. Modest and professional. B. Responsible and creative. C. Determined and inspiring. D. Cooperative and generous.
【答案】34. D 35. D 36. B 37. C 【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身残志坚的女孩Chelsie Hill，虽身有残疾，但是努力追逐梦想，并且也帮助其他人实现梦想的故事。 【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中 “That ambition nearly ended in 2010 when Hill was in a car accident, which put the 17- year-old high school senior in hospital for 51 days and left her paralyzed from the waist down.”可知，2010年，Hill遭遇了车祸而且使她腰部以下瘫痪了。结合选项，故选D。 【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Hill wanted to expand her dance network to include women like her. She met people online who were fighting for the dream of dancing against various spinal(脊椎的)injuries, and invited them to dance with her. . To reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called the Rollettes.”可知，为了激励更多像她一样的人，她创建了Rollettes。结合选项，故选D。 【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I didn't know I could do so many things that my fellow teammates had taught me.” she said. “I didn't know I could be sexy. It's so powerful to have my teammates in my life, because they're my teachers. I have more confidence.”可知，加入Rolleltes使她对自己更加自信。结合选项，故选B。 【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“For most people, that would have destroyed any hope of a dancing career. But for Hill, it was the beginning. Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair encouraged her to fight”可知，虽严重瘫痪了，但是却没有放弃追逐梦想，故她是一个坚定的人；根据倒数第二段中 “Every year Hill holds a dance camp called
the Rollettes Experience for wheelchair users to help them bring out their acting talent. In 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended. For many, it was the first time they'd felt they belonged.”可知，她激励了很多人。结合选项，故选C。
C
In the first few years of their lives, children brought up in English-speaking homes successfully master the use of hundreds of words, including those for objects, actions, emotions, and many other aspects of the physical world. However, when it comes to learning colour words, the same children perform very badly. If shown a blue cup and asked about its colour, typical two-year-olds seem as likely to come up with “red” as “blue”.
Cognitive (认知) scientists at Stanford University in California supposed that children’s incompetence at colour-word learning may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English. They are used mostly in pre-nominal position (e.g. “blue cup”), in contrast to post-nominal position (e.g. “The cup is blue.”). The difficulty children have may simply come down to the challenge of having to make predictions from colour words to the objects they refer to, rather than from the objects to the colour words.
To explore this idea further, the research team recruited 40 English children aged between 23 and 29 months and carried out a three-phase experiment. It considered of a pre-test, followed by training in the use of colour words, and finally a post-test that was identical to the pre-test. The pre- and post- test materials comprised six objects that were unfamiliar to the children. There were three examples of each object in each of three colours — red, yellow and blue. The objects were presented on trays (托盘), and in both tests, the children were asked to pick out objects in response to requests in which the colour word was either a pre-nominal (“Which is the red one?”) or a post-nominal (“Which one is red?”).
In the training, the children were introduced to five sets of familiar items (balls, cups, crayons, glasses, and toy bears) in each of the three colours. Half the children were presented with the items one by one and heard them labeled with colour words used pre-nominally, while the other half were introduced to the same
items described with a post-nominal colour word. After the training, the children repeated the selection task on the novel items in the post-test. Correct choices on items that were consistent across the pre- and post-tests were used to measure children’s colour knowledge.
According to the assessment, children’s performance was consistent when they were both trained and tested on post-nominal adjectives, and worst when trained on pre-nominal adjectives and tested on post-nominal adjectives. Comparing the pre- and post-test scores across each condition revealed a significant decline in performance when children were both pre- and post-tested with questions that placed the colour words pre-nominally. 38. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A To present a phenomenon. B. To make a contrast.
C. To give a possible explanation. D. To provide an example.
39. What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?
A. The children had to place the pre-and post-test objects onto coloured trays. B. The children were presented with the same objects in the pre- and post- tests. C. Pre-nominal questions were less used than post-nominal questions in the training. D. The researchers aimed to look for consistencies in children’s knowledge of word order.
40. What does the underlined word “novel” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Imaginary. B. Unknown. C. Familiar. D. Common.
41. The outcome of the experiment shows that _____. A. children are unable to accurately sort objects by colour B. children trained on pre-nominal adjectives perform well C. children learn colour words rapidly in post-nominal position
D. children can make predictions from the objects to the colour words 【答案】38. C 39. B 40. B 41. C 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了儿童对于颜色的认知。结果表明儿童在接受后名词性形容词训练和测试时表现一致，在接受前名词性形容词训练和后名词性形容词测试时表现最差。比较每种情况下的测试前后的分数，发现当孩子们在测试前和测试后都被预先标记颜色词的问题所困扰时，他们的表现会显著下降。 【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Cognitive (认知) scientists at Stanford University in California supposed that children’s incompetence at colour-word learning may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English.”可知，斯坦福大学的科学家关于在学习颜色词的时候，孩子表现糟糕的原因，给出了一个可能的解释。结合选项，故选C。 【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中 “It considered of a pre-test, followed by training in the use of colour words, and finally a post-test that was identical to the pre-test”可知，孩子在前测和后测中给出的东西是一样的。结合选项，故选B。 【40题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中 “Half the children were presented with the items one by one and heard them labeled with colour words used pre-nominally, while the other half were introduced to the same items described with a post-nominal colour word. After the training, the children repeated the selection task on the novel items in the post-test.”可知，一半的孩子被一个接一个地呈现出来，并听到他们用预先命名的颜色词来标记，而另一半则被介绍到用后命名的颜色词描述的相同的项目。训练结束后，孩子们在后测中对新项目重复选择任务。故novel意为“未知的”，结合选项，故选B。 【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Comparing the pre- and post-test scores across each condition revealed a significant decline in performance when children were both pre- and post-tested with questions that placed the colour words pre-nominally.”可知，受过名词前形容词训练的儿童表现良好。结合选项，故选C。
D
In the picture Landscape with Diogenes by the 17th century French artist Poussin, the ancient philosopher Diogenes is described casting away his last possession, a drinking bowl. He realizes he doesn’t need it after seeing a youth cupping a hand to drink from a river. The significance for us is that Diogenes’ spiritual descendants (后代) known as “new minimalists” are now everywhere, if not as completely possession-free as he was.
There are hundreds of websites praising the virtues of tidy living. Everyone is trying to cut down on things these days. People are trying to reduce their carbon footprints, their waistlines, and their monthly outgoings. What’s more, there’s a general fear that people are becoming choked by their possessions, and this is fueled by the knowledge that the leading hobby these days seems to be shopping. It’s true, sales of e-readers and e-books go beyond those of paperbacks. As a result, the need for bookshelves is cut out.
However, today’s new minimalists don’t urge us to burn our books and destroy our CDs, but just make sure we have them as digital files. So, for example, I have digitised versions of some of my old vinyl LP (黑胶) records and haven’t, as yet, stimulated myself to take the LPs to the nearest charity shop – and I admit I shall probably go on keeping them. Technology has gone beyond our dreams and there is always the doubt that our hard drives will crash and all will be lost. Far more important, however, is the fact that our memories are so inseparably tied to our possessions that we can’t get rid of stuff. We are not exactly suffering withdrawal symptoms (症状) as we try to break our addiction to objects. We are just acquiring new stuff, which means we can bin or recycle our old stuff.
I’m happy to have found another website which seems to solve a whole lot of problems at once – a thriving online advice service offering storage solutions. The interior (室内的) designer responsible for this does not suggest getting rid of stuff, but rather recommends buying more stuff such as elegant flexible baskets or colourful lidded containers to hide the first lot of stuff from view. I love this philosophy – convince yourself you’ve got your desire for possessions under
control, without having to lose a thing. After all, we aren’t merciless enough to follow Diogenes and cast away all our possessions.
42. Why does the author mention a picture by the artist Poussin? A. It illustrates a modern trend. B. It describes a wise philosopher. C. Its meaning is only now becoming clear. D. Its message is not as simple as it appears.
43. The author believes minimalism may not succeed mainly because of people’s ______.
A. resistance to media pressure B. laziness in the face of change C. lack of faith in digital hardware D. strong bond with physical objects
44. According to the author, people invest in smart new storage in order to_____. A. satisfy their desire to make purchases B. make attractive additions to their homes C. provide a temporary solution to a problem
D. ease their conscience over having too many things.
45. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Less is More
B. Low Carbon Is an Attitude C. Treasure What You Have D. Psychology of Overconsumption. 【答案】42. A 43. D 44. D 45. A 【解析】
这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了极简主义对人们生活的影响 【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The significance for us is that Diogenes’ spiritual descendants (后代) known as “new minimalists” are now everywhere”可知，极简主义依然成为了现代趋势。结合选项，故选A。
43题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Far more important, however, is the fact that our memories are so inseparably tied to our possessions that we can’t get rid of stuff. We are not exactly suffering withdrawal symptoms (症状) as we try to break our addiction to objects”可知，作者认为，极简主义之所以不能成功的原因主要是因为人们与实物的紧密联系。结合选项，故选D。 【44题详解】
【疚感。结合选项，故选D。 【45题详解】
作为题目，符合题意。故选A。 余选项。
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I love this philosophy – convince yourself you’ve got your desire for possessions under control, without having to lose a thing. After all, we aren’t merciless enough to follow Diogenes and cast away all our possessions.”可知，作者认为，人们投资于智能新存储是为了减轻他们拥有太多东西的愧
主旨大意题。分析文章可知，本文主要讲述了极简主义对人们生活的影响。故A（少即是多）
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful. ___46___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.
In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___47___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they
completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.
As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___48___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.
___49___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do not need to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___50___
A.We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B.We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults. C.To test his theory, Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.
D.These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.
E.Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.
F.Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.
G.Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.
【答案】46. A 47. G 48. E 49. F
50. B 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了快乐的婴儿有优势。 【46题详解】
根据空前的“Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.”以及空后的 “A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.”可知，A项（我们常常认为成功最终会使我们快乐。）承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 【47题详解】
根据下文的 “When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.”可知，实验研究的是父母对孩子幸福感的影响，故参与研究的父母报告他们的背景，以便研究。故G项（很早以前，父母就报告他们的背景，例如教育水平和就业情况。）符合题意，故选G。 【48题详解】
根据上文的 “As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college.”可知，正如所料，科菲发现，无论婴儿时期的智力水平或父母的财富如何，快乐的婴儿更有可能从高中和大学毕业。故E项（此外，快乐的婴儿在婴儿期和儿童期之间的智商得分增长更多。）承接上文，都讲述的是快乐的婴儿的长处，符合题意。故选E。 【49题详解】
本段是让选主题句。根据下文的 “Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments.”可知，关于快乐的婴儿的成长，父母也作出了相应的努力，父母对孩子情感的投入额决定着婴儿是否快乐。故F项（另一个重要的解释是，快乐是关于情感经历的频率。）符合题意，故选F。 【50题详解】
根据上文的“Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness.”可知，本段讲述了一些可以提高孩子幸福感的活动。故B项（我们可以利用这些活动帮助儿童成长为快乐和成功的成年人。）总结本段内容，符合题意。故选B。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 （15 分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你准备在寒假期间参加学校组织的英文演讲比赛，在准备期间遇到了困难。请给你的外教 Jim 写一封邮件，向他寻求帮助，内容包括： 1.介绍英文演讲比赛的相关信息（主题、目的……）； 2.说明你的困难。 注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? I plan to take part in an English speech competition this winter vacation. However, some challenges do exist during my preparation, so I’m writing to ask you for some help.
Aiming to inspire our enthusiasm for English, the subject of this competition is English Studying. Since I have been studying English for years, I really have
plenty of things to say, from vocabulary to grammar. Choosing what to say, though, is exactly the problem I’m stuck in at the moment. I’m not sure which material can be most inviting and enlightening so your opinion, due to your rich experience, is quite vital for me. Moreover, I’m a little worried about my English pronunciation. How can I be more natural when speaking English?
I would be very grateful if you could offer me a hand. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了你准备在寒假期间参加学校组织的英文演讲比赛，在准备期间遇到了困难。请给你的外教 Jim 写一封邮件，向他寻求帮助。 【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主。
人称：第一人称。
要求：1. 表明写信的原因。
2.表明遇到的困难。
3. 表示感谢。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
take part in; an English speech competition; however; ask sb for some help.; plenty of; though; be stuck in; at the moment; due to; moreover; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I plan to take part in an English speech competition this winter vacation. 2. However, some challenges do exist during my preparation, so I’m writing to ask you for some help.
3. Since I have been studying English for years, I really have plenty of things to say, from vocabulary to grammar.
4. Choosing what to say, though, is exactly the problem I’m stuck in at the moment. 5. I’m not sure which material can be most inviting and enlightening so your opinion, due to your rich experience, is quite vital for me.
6. Moreover, I’m a little worried about my English pronunciation. 7. Looking forward to your reply.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。注意要添加适当的连接词使得上下文意思连贯，在使用较简单的单词、句式的同时，也要注意使用高级词汇和
高级句型。
【点睛】该文全面概括了内容要点，文章结构清晰。第一段说明了写信的原因；第二段说明了遇到的困难；第三段表达了感谢。另外，本文各个部分衔接自然，what’s more等短语的使用，显示出作者能熟 练使用半富的词汇的能力。同时灵活使用了定语从句、宾语从句等高级句式。 第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为庆祝学校建校 50 周年，上个月你校高三学生录制快闪，表达对母校的祝福。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记述整个过程，并以“A Memorable Activity”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 注意：词数不少于 60。提示词：快闪 flash mob
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last month, we made a special video of flash mob to celebrate our school 50th anniversary and express our best wishes, which turned out to be a meaningful and memorable experience.
On Monday morning, we had a heated discussion on what to do for the celebration. Different ideas flashed through our minds. Some put forward the proposal to make blackboard newspaper, while others presented the idea to organized a flash mob. As many of us were longing to participate, flash mob occupied the priority.
Preparation unfolded right after our reaching an agreement on the latter. Having been assigned to different tasks, we got down to the work. Singers immerged themselves in weighing every line of the lyrics and dancers devoted themselves to perfecting their dance moves so as to endow stage with emotion and vigor. We regarded it as a wonderful opportunity to show our love and couldn’t resist the desire to do our bit.
Finally came the big day. A wave of excitement yet mixed with bit of tension surged into our hearts when we eventually recorded the flash mob perfectly. For most of us, it is the first time that we perform a flash mob, yet we were confident due to the earnest preparation. What’s more, the professional shooting, taken by the rest of the classmates, definitely added to the actors’ courage. Challenging as it seemed, we managed to accomplish it after hours of efforts.
Our flash mob video was broadcast on the screen and enjoyed thunderous applauses and recognition from all the schoolmates. The video captured the most memorable experience of our high school time and also conveyed our heartfelt gratitude to our school. 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。为庆祝学校建校 50 周年，高三学生录制快闪，表达对母校的祝福。根据下面四幅图的顺序，记述整个过程。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文（图画类作文）
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。 要求：1.根据图片先后顺序展开。
2.为庆祝学校建校 50 周年，做了哪些事情。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
celebrate our school 50th anniversary; express our best wishes; turn out; have a heated discussion on; be longing to; reach an agreement on; so as to; devote oneself to; it is the first time that; due to; convey heartfelt gratitude to… 第三步：连词成句
1. Last month, we made a special video of flash mob to celebrate our school 50th anniversary and express our best wishes, which turned out to be a meaningful and memorable experience.
2. On Monday morning, we had a heated discussion on what to do for the celebration. 3. As many of us were longing to participate, flash mob occupied the priority. 4. Preparation unfolded right after our reaching an agreement on the latter. 5. Singers immerged themselves in weighing every line of the lyrics and dancers devoted themselves to perfecting their dance moves so as to endow stage with emotion and vigor.
6. The video captured the most memorable experience of our high school time and also conveyed our heartfelt gratitude to our school.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：润色修改
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多非谓语结构，如：Having been assigned to different tasks, we got down to the work. Singers immerged themselves in weighing every line of the lyrics and dancers devoted themselves to perfecting their dance moves so as to endow stage with emotion and vigor.这句话运用了非谓语动词having been assigned使文章的逻辑性更强。同时灵活使用了定语从句、宾语从句等高级句式。如：Last month, we made a special video of flash mob to celebrate our school 50th anniversary and express our best wishes, which turned out to be a meaningful and memorable experience。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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