1. 现在完成时的构成：
现在完成时由助动词 have\\has +过去分词构成，第三人称单数用
I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn 't been to America before. 2. 现在完成时的用法：
1） 现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该 动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。 I ' m sure we ' ve met before定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived.她到了。 2） 表示持续到现在的动作或状态
has,其余用have。
，for ••-, sinceyet•等。如：
I haven ' t heard from her these dayf^些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven ' t seen you recently最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3. 常和现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never , since, for 等连用。例如： She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven ' t read it ye俄;还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan
他彳 iOH■未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。
Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经 10 年了。 4. 现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。
否定句：在 have\\has后加not 结构：主语+has\\have+not +过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构： 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句
注意：肯定句中如有some\\and,在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成 some-any and-or
any\\or,即
Have\\Has+主语+过去分词+其他
以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 月7E句 否定句 I have studied German before. He has studied 疑问句 回答 Yes, I have. \\ No,I haven' I have not (haven t\\ have not. studied German before. German before? He has not\\hasn't studied Has he studied German Yes,he has.\\No,he hasn' German before. before? t\\ have not. ' t) Have you studied German before. Base Form bear beat become blow bring build buy catch choose come do drink drive eat fall find fly get give go grow have hear keep leave lose make put 5.部分不规则变化动词表 Past Form bore beat became blew brought built bought caught chose came did drank drove ate fell found flew got gave went grew had heard kept left lost made put Past Participle born beaten become blown brought built bought caught chosen come done drunk driven eaten fallen found flown got given gone grown had heard kept left lost made put read read read run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent sing sang sung sink sank/sunk sunk take took taken teach taught taught write wrote wrote am, is was been are were been 6. 注意：
1. since和for的区别
since 后接过去的某个时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示 长达多久\"，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise:用 since 和 for 填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country 1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. 8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October. 2.
表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完
成时当中不能和
表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。
因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. x The old man has died for 4 months. x They have left only for 5 minutes. x 以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has for 4 months. They have only for 5 minutes
3. have (has) been (to\\in ) +地点 和 have (has) gone(to)+ 地点的区别：
曾到过某地”=\"have (has) been去过,；现在已经回来了。大道教育
巴经去某地”=\"have (has) gone去了没有回来。 试比较：
Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了) Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了 ？(人不在)
They have been to Canada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)
They have gone to Canada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大) 随堂练习： 一、 用单词的适当形式填空
I. She ' s(live) here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave). 5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there? 6.
you(find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I ust(have) some orange. 8. We already(return) the book. 9.
they(build) a new school in the village?
10. I(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? II. My father (read) the novel twice. 12. I(buy) a book just now. 13. I(lost ) my watch yesterday. 二、 单选题
1. How long have you here?
A. come 2. My grandpa died.
A. at the age of my 2 C. when I was 2.
3. Jane has to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been A. after
B. gone B. since
C. went C. for
D. never been D. that
4. It is ten years I last saw her.
5. --Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I her several times. A. met --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy
B. did, buy
C. are, having D. have, had
7. --Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I friends since we were very young.
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B. got C. arrived B. for 2 years D. my age was 6.
D. been
B. have met C. had met
D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long you it?
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? --Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to 10. --you ever to the US?
--Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go
D. were, going D. will go to
三、 将下列句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，并对划线部分提问。 1) I have been there for two days. 否定句：
一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 2) My father has lived here since 2000. 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 3) He left here yesterday. 否定句：
一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问： 4) They bought a book two hours ago. 一般疑问句： 对划线部分提问：
四、 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since\" to 填空 1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years. 4. \" Have you seen the film? ” \" No, I have seen it.
5.
\" Has the bus left?
”
\" Yes, it has left.
五、 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where Li Fei? B: He to Hainan Island. A: How long he there?
”
B: He there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
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B: I ' m afraid he wonome'back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I never there.
A: How many times Li Fei to that place? B: He there only once.
五、 用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的适当形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He Canada.
2) David ______ _______ the park just now. 3) John England since he came back. 4) How long they this village? 5) The Smiths Beijing for years. 6)
you ever America? -- Yes, I there many times.
7) I this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He the farm. 9) When he? He an hour ago.
10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I there before. 11) Where you now? --- I to the zoo. 12) He often _____________ swimming. 13) you there last year?
14)
they often skating in winter?
六、 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空 1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years. 4. \" Have you seen the film? \" \" No, I have seen it.
5.
\" Has the bus left?
”
\" Yes, it has left.
”
\"
答案 随堂练习
一、 l.lived 2.have been 3.came 4.has passed,left 5.lost,have seen 6.Have,found 7. 13.lost
二、 1-5 DCBBB 1-6 DCCBB
have,had 8.have,returned 9.Have,built10.haven't finished 11.has read 12.bought
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