1、名词的数
2、关于名词的数的注意点 3、名词所有格 4、冠词的基本用法
5、冠词在各类名词前的用法 6、关于冠词用法的注意点 7、人称代词和物主代词 8、关于物主代词的注意点 9、It 的用法
10、自身代词和相互代词 11、疑问代词和连接代词 12、关系代词 13、不定代词 14、some的用法 15、all 的用法
16、other,another的用法 17、数词
18、关于数词的注意点 19、量词 20、动词的种类 21、一般现在时
22、一般现在时的特殊用法 23、一般过去时 24、过去进行时 25、现在进行时 26、一般将来时
1.名词的数
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<例句>
Her family are all music lovers. 她的家人都喜欢音乐。<语法分析>
family 为集体名词,作整体讲时为单数名词,如考虑到其个体时,则为复数名词。名词的数的概念是指名词的单复数,即名词的可数与不可数名词。一般而言,名词可以分 为两类:即表示人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有名称的专有名词和普通名词。个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词都属于普通名词。个体名词和集体名词可 以用数来计算,成为可数名词,而物质名词和抽象名词一般都不能用数来计算,成为不可数名词名词。<触类旁通>
(1) Her husband is a Swiss. Her parents are both Swiss.
她丈夫是瑞士人。她的父母都是瑞士人。语法分析:表示某国人的名词单复数同形,类似的还有某些表示动物名称的词,如bison, deer, fish, cod和salmon等。
(2) He finished school at fifteen.
他十五岁中学毕业。语法分析:有些个体名词用作抽象名词,在意义上是不可数名词的。 (3) How much machinery has been installed?
装了多少机器?语法分析:有不少名词在汉语中是可数的,而在英语中确是不可数的。 (4) There is a beauty in simplicity.
朴实之中有一种美。语法分析:在多数情况下抽象名词用于单数形式,某些时候,也可以在其前面加定冠词或不定冠词。
(5) Two beers, please.
请来两杯啤酒。语法分析:一般说来,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式,但有些物质名词用作可数名词可用来表示“一份”、“一杯”或“一种”等意义。
(6) He came up to shake hands with me.
他走过来和我握手。语法分析:有些名词在某些习惯性的用法中,要用复数,成为相互复数。<巩固练习>
1. Never make _____[friend] with such a person. 2. I have to change _____[train] here.
3. The public _____[be] deceived by the newspapers. 4. The gang _____[be] being hunted by the police. 5. No news _____[be] good news. 6. I know a few _____[Japanese].
7. We have defended the _____[fruit] of our victory.<参考答案> 1. friends 2. trains 3. were 4. is 5. is 6. Japanese 7. fruits
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2.关于名词的数的注意点 <例句>
I bought two bottles of ink yesterday. 我昨天买了两瓶墨水。<语法分析>
单 位名词的数有单、复数的形式,如kind, sort, type, piece, cake, bottle和grain等单位名词如与复数限定词连用,一般要变成复数形式,of 后面的名词多用单数形式,且不用冠词。有些单位名词如dozen, score, head等词语复数限定词连用,仍保留单数形式。但如表示一种不确定的复数时,用复数形式。有些单位名词如pair, couple和ton等于复数限定词连用时,可用单数也可用复数。this, that, another和every等单数限定词一般只能与单数名词连用,但复数名词前有一个集体数词,且被看作一个整体时,也可与this等单数限定词连用。<触类旁通>
(1) I like that two kinds of apple.
我喜欢那两种苹果。语法分析:单位名词如与复数限定词连用,一般要变成复数形式。 (2) The shop sells six kinds of hat.
这家商店出售六种帽子。语法分析:of 后面的名词多用单数形式。 (3) I went to the students reading-room yesterday.
我昨天去学生阅览室了。语法分析:名词有时也可用复数作定语。 (4) He is a seven-year-old boy.
他是个七岁的男孩。语法分析:数词 + 名词作定语,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 (5) I go to see her every two weeks.
我每两周去看望她一次。语法分析:复数名词前有一个集体数词,且被看作一个整体时,也可与单数限定词连用。
(6) Never make friends with such a person.
不要和这样的人交朋友。语法分析:有些名词在某些习惯用法中,要用复数形式。<巩固练习>
1. She eat twn _____[piece] of bread.
2. There are three _____[grain] of rice on the table. 3. There are two _____[score] of birds in the forest. 4. She bought three _____[dozen] of balls last week. 5. I have been there _____[dozen] of times. 6. Wealth was calculated by _____[head] of cattle. 7. The old man is a _____[shoe] doctors there. 8. I saw two _____[man] doctors there. 9. She came up to shake _____[hand] with me.
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10. He asked me to change _____[seat].<参考答案>
1. pieces 2. grains 3. score 4. dozen 5. dozens 6. heads 7. shoe 8. men 9. hands 10. seats
3.名词所有格 <例句>
He is a friend of Henry's. 他是亨利的一个朋友。 <语法分析>
这 是名词的双重所有格现象,of 后面的名词只能表示人,不能表示物。格是一种语法范畴,它表示名词或代词与句中其他词之间的结构和语义关系。名词所有格可以表示包括所有关系在内的多种关 系,所有关系、主谓关系、动宾关系还可表示类别和地点等。‘s所有格和of 所有格都有多种意义,两者常常是不能互换的。
<触类旁通>
(1) Is this Mr. Black's office? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗?
语法分析:名词所有格主要用于表示人的名词,也用于某些动物的名称后。 (2) We met at the hotel's entrance. 我们在旅馆门口相遇。
语法分析:名词所有格也用来表示某些无生命东西的名词,如时间、距离、价格、国家及城市等。
(3) She was pleased by her teacher's praise. 老师的称赞使她很高兴。
语法分析:名词所有格除了表示“所有关系”外,还可以有一些特殊的意义,可以表示主动关系。
(4) Everyone is singing the fighter's praise. 每个人都称赞这位战士。
语法分析:名词所有格还可以表示被动关系。 (5) He put his arm through his brother's. 他伸手挽住他哥哥的手臂。
语法分析:所有格修饰的词,如刚刚提过则可以省略,以避免重复。 (6) I am going to the barber's. 我要去理发店。
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语法分析:所有格可以用来表示教堂、店铺以及某人的家等。 <巩固练习>
1. Sunddenly she heard the barking _____ dogs. 2. Do you recall that poem _____[Byron]. 3. This is the _____[workers] rest homes.
4. I bought several ______[children] books yesterday. 5. It is another book of my ______[brother].
<参考答案>1. of 2. of Byron's 3. workers' 4. children's 5. brother's 4.冠词的基本用法 <例句>
In a week or two I'll be among the unemployed. 一两周后我将加入失业行列中。 <语法分析>
定冠词the可以和某些形容词连用,表示一类人或某种品质。冠词是一种虚词,它不可以独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,以便帮助说明其词义。英语中的冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a和an。不定冠词a和an的基本意义与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在数词前。定冠词the与this和that同源,有“这个”或“那个”的意思。
<触类旁通>
(1) It was a lovely garden. 这是一座漂亮的花园。
语法分析:在可数名词前加不定冠词是泛指,表示类别。 (2) A car is waiting at the gate. 有一辆车在门口等着。
语法分析:不定冠词主要用在可数名词单数前,表示“一个”意思接近于one或“某一个”,也可以表示某类人或物等。
(3) Show the guests to their room. 带客人去看他们的房间。
语法分析:定冠词主要和个体名词的单数或复数连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 (4) The computer has changed our way of life. 计算机改变了我们的生活方式。
语法分析:定冠词也可和一个单数名词一起用,表示一类人或东西。
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(5) The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。
语法分析:定冠词和某些名词连用表示这个民族、阶级、阶层或一家人等。 (6) The moon has risen. 月亮已升起了。
语法分析:定冠词和一些表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词连用。 <巩固练习>
1. There was a rainbow in _____ sky. 2. _____ sun lights and warms the earth.
3. She was weak, afraid to venture _____ unknown. 4. ______ careful speaker should avoid it. 5. Is this ______ planer or ______ lathe? 6. He told me _____ interesting story. 7. Rome was not built in _____ day. <参考答案>
1. the 2. The 3. the 4. The 5. a...a 6. an 7. a 5.冠词在各类名词前的用法 <例句>
A heavy snow was falling. 下着一场大雪。 <语法分析>
snow为物质名词,前面加不定冠词,可以表示“一场”或“一阵”等意思。一般地说,物质名词前面是不加冠词的,即使前面有形容词,在一般情况下也不加冠词。但是如果物质名词特指时前面则可以加定冠词the,有时候也可以加不定冠词。抽象名词前一般不用冠词,如果抽象名词前有限制性定语修饰时,多加定冠词。在一定情况下,也可以加不定冠词表示频度。专有名词前一般不加冠词,因为它本身就是特指的,但在某些地理名词或由普通名词构成的专有名词前大多要加定冠词。
<触类旁通>
(1) A large coffee for me. 给我一大杯咖啡。
语法分析:不定冠词a表示一份儿。 (2) Last night there was a terrible storm.
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昨晚下了一场可怕的暴雨。 语法分析:不定冠词a表示一场。 (3) The air was bad. 空气不好。
语法分析:物质名词前加定冠词,表示特指,该句可以指房间里的空气,也可以指教室里的空气等。
(4) The younger generation is the hope of the nation. 青年一代是国家的希望。
语法分析:抽象名词前有一个限制性定语修饰,加定冠词表示特指。 (5) Would you do me a favor? 帮我个忙可以吗?
语法分析:加不定冠词可以表示某种行动、人或东西等。 (6) Do you care for a smoke? 抽支烟好吗?
语法分析:加不定冠词表示“一次”、“一例”或“一种”等。 (7) The theory was advanced by the great Einstein. 该理论是伟大的爱因斯坦提出的。
语法分析:在某些情况下,人名前可以加冠词。 <巩固练习>
1. She likes to read ______ New York Times. 2. The building is ______ Pentagon. 3. She ordered ______ second Martini. 4. He went on playing ______ music of Mozart. 5. You were ______ great help to us. 6. Don't stand in ______ rain. 7. I want ______ strawberry ice-cream. 8. Someone has fallen into ______ water! <参考答案>
1. the 2. the 3. a 4. the 5. a 6. the 7. a 8. the 6.关于冠词用法的注意点
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<例句>
One of my friends is still in hospital. 我的一个朋友还住在医院里。 <语法分析>
个体名词如school, prison, market, hospital, bed, class和court等直接位于某些介词后,当表示该名词的深层意义时,不用冠词。当bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship和plane等词与by连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词,但是当这些名词特指某一种交通工具时,则要与冠词连用。在月份、星期、季节、三餐等的名词前,通常不加冠词,如有描绘性修饰语时,可加冠词。两个名词各指不同的人、事和概念时,要用冠词。两个名词如指同一个人、同一物时,后一个名词可不用冠词。
<触类旁通>
(1) She has gone to market. 她去市场了。
语法分析:个体名词前不用冠词。 (2) I go to work by bike. 我骑车去上班。
语法分析:当bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship和plane等词与by连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词。
(3) She went out on a bike. 她骑一辆车子出去了。
语法分析:当这些名词特指一种交通工具时,则要与冠词连用。 (4) Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
语法分析:季节名词前一般不用冠词。 (5) He came to that place in the auturn of 1990. 他1990年秋天去过那个地方。
语法分析:如果有限定词修饰或表示一般特定的时间,则需要用定冠词。 (6) This road winds its way from west to east. 这条路自西向东蜿蜒而行。
语法分析:在并列使用的两个名词前,常省掉冠词。 (7) They are the students of our school. 他们是我们学校的全体学生。
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语法分析:在复数名词或数词前用the强调全体,不用则强调部分。 (8) She raises a black and a white dog. 她养了一只黑狗和一只白狗。
语法分析:两个形容词都有冠词,后面的名词为单数,表示两个不同的事物,如后一个形容词没有冠词,则指一物。
<巩固练习>
1. ______ water in th wet clothes is being burned into vapor. 2. She is in ______ first year class.
3. After the school I returned home on _____ 9:20 train. 4. Our school was completed in _____ October of 2000. 5. We had ______ terribly cold winter last year. 6. _____ breakfast I had last morning was very nice. 7. She came first in ______ race. 8. She sang and played _____ piano.
9. My brother went to see ______ film yesterday evening. 10. I listen to ______ radio every morning. 11. Turn on ______ TV please. 12. ______ square has four sides.
13. I cannot finish the task in so short _____ time.
14. Brave _____ man though he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. <参考答案>
1. The 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. The 7. the 8. the 9. a 10. the 11. the 12. A 13. a 14. a
7.人称代词和物主代词 <例句>
It was she who had been wrong. 是她错了。 <语法分析>
人称代词在句子里作表语,但在口语中常用宾格形式。人称代词在句子中可以作很多成分如主语、宾语、表语等。物主代词分为形容词型物主代词和名词型物主代词。形容词型物主代词在句子中可以作定语,还可以和own连用在句子中充当定语、表语或宾语等。名词型物主代词在句子中可以充当表语、主语、宾语或介词短语等。有时候也可以和of连用。
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<触类旁通>
(1) Tell her to call back a little later. 请她过一会儿再来电话。
语法分析:人称代词作宾语或介词宾语。 (2) The mare whined when she saw her master. 这匹母马见到主人时会嘶叫。
语法分析:she除了指人,还可以指其他东西如雌性动物或国家等。 (3) You can never tell what they will do next. 谁也说不上他们下一步会做什么。
语法分析:you,we或they可以用来泛指一般人。 (4) Virtue is its own reward. 为善其乐融融。
语法分析:形容词型物主代词和own连用作定语。 (5) She is a great admirer of yours. 她是你的崇拜者。
语法分析:名词型物主代词和of连用。 <巩固练习>
1. Nice car, how much did ____ cost?
2. We, you and _____ must together carry out the plan. 3. Mary has broken _____ leg. 4. She took me buy _____ hand. 5. She looked at me in _____ face. 6. I love her more than _____ does. 7. Has she any idea of _____ own. <参考答案>
1. she 2. they 3. her 4. the 5. the 6. she 7. her 8.关于物主代词的注意点 <例句>
He took me by the hand.
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他拉着我的手。 <语法分析>
物主代词常用语表示两个名词之间的所属关系,但有时,定冠词the常用来代替物主代词。在简短的对话中或表示比较的非正式文体里,宾语可以代替主格在句子中作主语。如果比较状语从句的谓语保留,则主语用主格,比较双方会发生误解时,主格和宾格不能替换。在口语里或强调句子中宾格可替代代主格在句子中作表语,有时,主格可替代宾格。
<触类旁通>
(1) The police seized the thief by the ear. 警察抓住了贼的耳朵。
语法分析:the常用来代替物主代词。 (2) “Me?” asked the girl. “我?”女孩问道。
语法分析:在简短的对话中,宾格可以代替主格在句子中作主语。 (3) He is not as experienced as me. 他没我有经验。
语法分析:在表示比较的非正式文体里,常用宾格代替主格。 (4) What would you do if you were him? 如果你是他你会怎么办?
语法分析:在口语里,宾格可替代主格在句子中作表语。 (5) It was I who broke the law. 犯法的是我。
语法分析:在强调句子里,当强调的主语是人称代词时,书面语体重常用主格,在口语中,常用宾格。
(6) Everybody excepts understood him. 除了我,每个人都了解他。
语法分析:在介词out 和 expect 后,有时用主格代替宾格。 <巩固练习>
1. The old man was grasped by ______ arm. 2. The student led the blind man by _____ sleeve. 3. The father often strikes his son in _____ face. 4. She was wounded in _____ stomach.
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5. He looked at me in _____ face. 6. He patted the boy on _____ head. 7. Who is faster, you or _____? 8. She is cleverer than _____.
9. He is not as experienced as _____[me] am. 10. There are two years between you and _____[me]. 11. She has no house of her _____.
12. I have some reason of my _____ for wishing to do so. <参考答案>
1. the 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. the 6. the 7. me 8. me 9. I 10. I 11. own 12. own 9.It 的用法 <例句>
It was you who had been wrong. 错的是你。 <语法分析>
it 强调句子的主语,可用 who 或 that 引导句子的后面部分。用于强调的 it,可以对句子的某一处成分加以强调。例如可以强调句子的主语、宾语以及状语等。It 的用法有很多,它最基本的用法是作代词,主要代表刚提到的事物以避免重复,也可以代表某些抽象事物或代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。有时也可以不指具体的东西,例如天气、环境和时间等。先行词的it 主要作为句子的形式主语,从而使句子变得平稳。
<触类旁通>
(1) It was a great surprise to me when she did a thing like that. 她做这样的事情我大为吃惊。 语法分析:It代表抽象的事物。 (2) Where does it hurt? 哪儿疼?
语法分析:it代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。 (3) How fat is it to Beijing? 到北京有多远? 语法分析:it代表距离。
(4) It was she who lent us the money.
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是她借钱给我们的。
语法分析:it用于强调句中,强调句子的主语。 (5) It's beyond me to say why. 我无法说个究竟。
语法分析:It作先行词,作句子的形式主语,有平稳句子的作用,句子谓语有这几种:be +形容词或名词,介词短语+不定式,及物动词+宾语+不定式。
<巩固练习>
1. _____ says here there was a big fire in the city. 2. “Why, ____ is you!” she cried. 3. _____ takes two to make a quarrel.
4. Why is _____ that everyone thinks I'm narrow-minded? 5. Was _____ you that broke the window? 6. Does _____ itch much? <参考答案>
1. It 2. it 3. It 4. it 5. it 6. it 10.自身代词和相互代词 <例句>
She prided herself on her cooking. 她为自己的烹调技术感到骄傲。 <语法分析>
自身代词在句子中作宾语,此外自身代词还可以作表语、主语等,有时也用作宾语的同位语。在一些成语中也可以用到自身代词。相互代词其实只有两个,即:one another 和 each other,它们可以表示两个人或几个人之间的相互关系,在句子中可以作宾语或介词宾语,也可以和's一起构成定语。
<触类旁通>
(1) Let me introduce myself. 我来介绍我自己。
语法分析:自身代词在句子中主要用作宾语。 (2) Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。
语法分析:自身代词也常用作介词宾语。
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(3) The president himself gave her the medal. 校长亲自给她颁发了奖章。 语法分析:用作主语。 (4) He wanted to see Mary herself. 他想见玛丽本人。
语法分析:作宾语的同位语。
(5) We have known each other for many years. 我们相识很多年了。 语法分析:相互代词作宾语。 (6) We don't see much of each other. 我们不常见面。
语法分析:用作介词宾语。
(7) Each tried to do more than the other. 他们争着多干活。
语法分析:有时each other还可以分开。 <巩固练习>
1. One should not praise _____. 2. They called _____ weavers. 3. Please help _____ to some meat.
4. She reproached _____ for her behavior that evening. 5. She didn't pay for _____.
6. Miss Brown was sitting by ______ on a beach. 7. He has a small room to _____. 8. We each know what the _____ thinks. <参考答案>
1. oneself 2. themselves 3. yourself 4. herself 5. herself 6. herself 7. himself 8. other 11.疑问代词和连接代词 <例句>
What color are the curtains?
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窗帘是什么颜色? <语法分析>
疑问代词 what 在句子中作定语,此外还可以作主语、宾语或介词宾语等,which 也有这样的用法。此外,what 还可以用作表语。问候在句子中多作主语或表语,whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语,在紧跟介词时只能用 whom。whose 可以用作定语、主语、表语或宾语等成分。连接代词与疑问代词同形,可以引导各种从句,在从句中它们可以作主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Who would like to go with me? 谁愿和我一起去?
语法分析:who 在句子中多作主语或表语。 (2) Whom are you writing to? 你在给谁写信呀?
语法分析:whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语。 (3) To whom did you give the parcel? 你把包裹给谁了?
语法分析:在紧跟介词时只能用 whom,不能用 who. (4) Whose is better, yours or hers? 谁的比较好,你的还是她的?
语法分析:whose 表示谁的,用作主语。 (5) What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
语法分析:what还可以用作表语。 (6) Show me what you have in your hand. 把你手上的东西给我看看。
语法分析:what 引导从句,表示“the thing which...”。 (7) I will give you what help I can. 我将尽量给你帮助。
语法分析:在从句中 what 有时用作定语。 <巩固练习> 1. _____ did you see?
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2. _____ do you mean?
3. I asked him _____ came into the room. 4. Do you know _____ that girl's mother is? 5. That is _____ I want to know.
6. Let me know _____ bus you'll be arriving on. 7. I must decide _____ to do with her. <参考答案>
1. Whom 2. What 3. who 4. what 5. what 6. which 7. what 12.关系代词 <例句>
I met someone who said he knew you. 我遇到一个人,他说他认识你。 <语法分析>
关系代词 who 代表 someone,又引导从句修饰它,同时又在从句中担任主语。关系代词 who, whom, whose, that和 which可以用来引导定语从句,这类代词都起着三重作用,一是代表前面的名词,二是把从句和它所修饰的词连接起来,三是在从句里也担任一个成分。who和 whom 都代表人,who 在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。whose在从句中可以作定语。that可以代表人或物,which只能代表物在从句中可充当主语、宾语或介词宾语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up. 她弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。
语法分析:that 代表 noise,又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任 made 的宾语。 (2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you. 她在报纸上看到的一些消息,或许会使你感兴趣。
语法分析:which 代表 something, 又引导从句修饰它,在从句中担任主语。 (3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English. 和我一起旅行的那个女孩不会讲英语。
语法分析:whom 代表人,在从句中作宾语或介词宾语。 (4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten. 我看了一部电影, 名字却忘了。 语法分析:whose 有时指无生命的东西。
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(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?
语法分析:在从句作宾语时,that常可以省略。
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult. 她的处境非常困难。
语法分析:在紧跟介词时,只能用which,不能用that,而且不能省略。 <巩固练习>
1. The man _____ robbed her has been arrested. 2. The man _____ I saw told me to come back tomorrow. 3. I know a girl _____ mother is an acrobat. 4. He _____ would eat the fruit must climb the tree. 5. The dog _____ was lost has been found.
6. She invited us to dinner, ______ was very kind of her.
7. My dog, ______ temper is very uncertain, often bites judges at dog show. 8. The man from ______ I brought it told me to read me instructions. <参考答案>
1. who 2. whom 3. whose 4. that 5. which 6. which 7. whose 8. whom 13.不定代词 <例句>
I have no idea about it. 对此我一无所知。 <语法分析>
不定代词no在句子中作定语,此外,every也可作定语。除了这两个词外,其他的不定代词既可用作名词也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Someone (somebody) has turned off the light. 有人把灯关了。
语法分析:合成不定代词 someone 和 somebody 意思相同,都表示“某人”,但只用于肯定句,在否定句及疑问句中通常用 anybody 或anyone。
(2) Everybody (everyone) laughed, me included.
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大家都笑了,我也笑了。
语法分析:everybody 和 everyone 意思相同,表示“人人”、“大家”。 (3) Did any of your photos come out well? 你的照片洗出来都不错吗?
语法分析:any 可代表可数名词或不可数名词名词,在句子中作主语或宾语等,可用于否定句及疑问句,肯定句用 some。
(4) She is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes. 她没有心情说笑话。
语法分析:no 可构成否定句,等于 not a。 (5) I never saw so many swans on the lake . 我从未见过湖面上有这么多天鹅。
语法分析:many 修饰可数名词,可用在疑问句,否定句及肯定句中,还可与too, so 等词连用,much, few 及 little 也可表示数量,与many 一样,都可用作定语。
(6) None of us would have said such a thing. 我们谁也不会说出这种话来。
语法分析:none 和 no 一样,都是否定词,none可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语及同位语。 <巩固练习>
1. I will tell you _____ of my own experience. 2. If you want ______ , you can call me. 3. I'll take ______ that you don't want.
4. As ______ as ten people were found living in a single room. 5. You've given me too ______ food. 6. ______ went his way.
7. ______ of my parents live in Japan.
8. One of the boys is named Tom, the _____ named Bill. 9. Show me some ______.
10. I don't like this room. Let's ask for _____. <参考答案>
1. something 2. anything 3. any 4. many 5. much 6. Each 7. Both 8. other 9. others 10. another
14. some的用法
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<例句>
She's living at some place in Canada. 她住在加拿大的某个地方。 <语法分析>
不定代词some的意思是表示“一些”,可以用来指人或其他可数的东西,也可以用来表示不可数名词的东西,它在肯定句中用作主语、宾语、定语等。在这个句子中,some和单数可数名词连用,其意义是表示“某个”,这与certain的意义相同。
<触类旁通>
(1) Some of them can speak English. 他们中的有些人会讲英语。 语法分析:简单用法。
(2) Can I take some of these apples? 这些苹果我拿些可以吗?
语法分析:一般在疑问句里要用any,但有时候却要用到本应用在肯定句中的some这个词,这种用法所表达的含义是希望得到肯定的答复。这个例句的所隐含的意思是我很想拿一些苹果,希望对方给予肯定性的回答。
(3) She enjoys some music. 她喜欢某些音乐。
语法分析:some修饰不可数名词。 (4) Aren't there some eggs on the table? 桌子上不是有些鸡蛋吗?
语法分析:some用于反问句或请求句中。 <巩固练习>
1. Did ______ of you catch the train. 2. ______ children learn languages easily. 3. ______ work is very difficult. 4. Would you like ______ tea? 5. Ask ______ secretary to come here. <参考答案>
1. some 2. Some 3. Some 4. some 5. some 15. all 的用法
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<例句>
It has been raining all day. 下了一整天的雨。 <语法分析>
不定代词all在句子里用作定语,与可数名词的单数连用,表示“整个“,它可以修饰可数名词,表示“所有的”,也可以修饰不可数名词,表示“一切”。 all可以用作代词,代表可数的东西或不可数的东西,在句子中可以作主语、宾语等。在句子中, all可用作同位语,后面还可以跟一个定语来修饰它。
<触类旁通>
(1) He has read all these books. 这些书他全看了。
语法分析:修饰可数名词表示“所有的”。 (2) She has lost all her money. 她的钱全丢了。
语法分析:修饰不可数名词名词表示“一切”。 (3) She worked hard all her life. 她一生都很辛苦。
语法分析:与可数名词单数连用,表示“整个”。 (4) The old woman was all tenderness and kindness. 这个老妇人很温柔和蔼。
语法分析:与名词一起用作表语,表示状态。 (5) Now all is chanded. 现在一切都变了。
语法分析:用作代词,可以作主语或宾语等成分。 (6) I have read them all. 所有这些我都看了。 语法分析:在句中作同位语。 (7) I have said all I intend to say. 我想说的都说了。
语法分析: all后面还可以跟一个定语来修饰它。 <巩固练习>
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1. ______ these children can swim. 2. Not ______ food is good to eat. 3. ______ of them voted against the plan. 4. She's pretty sick about it ______. 5. Is that ______ you want to say? 6. _____ I desired was leisure for study. 7. She has come _____ the way from Beijing. <参考答案>
1. All 2. all 3. All 4. all 5. all 6. All 7. all 13.不定代词 <例句>
I have no idea about it. 对此我一无所知。 <语法分析>
不定代词no在句子中作定语,此外,every也可作定语。除了这两个词外,其他的不定代词既可用作名词也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Someone (somebody) has turned off the light. 有人把灯关了。
语法分析:合成不定代词 someone 和 somebody 意思相同,都表示“某人”,但只用于肯定句,在否定句及疑问句中通常用 anybody 或anyone。
(2) Everybody (everyone) laughed, me included. 大家都笑了,我也笑了。
语法分析:everybody 和 everyone 意思相同,表示“人人”、“大家”。 (3) Did any of your photos come out well? 你的照片洗出来都不错吗?
语法分析:any 可代表可数名词或不可数名词名词,在句子中作主语或宾语等,可用于否定句及疑问句,肯定句用 some。
(4) She is in no mood (not in a mood) for jokes. 她没有心情说笑话。
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语法分析:no 可构成否定句,等于 not a。 (5) I never saw so many swans on the lake . 我从未见过湖面上有这么多天鹅。
语法分析:many 修饰可数名词,可用在疑问句,否定句及肯定句中,还可与too, so 等词连用,much, few 及 little 也可表示数量,与many 一样,都可用作定语。
(6) None of us would have said such a thing. 我们谁也不会说出这种话来。
语法分析:none 和 no 一样,都是否定词,none可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语及同位语。 <巩固练习>
1. I will tell you _____ of my own experience. 2. If you want ______ , you can call me. 3. I'll take ______ that you don't want.
4. As ______ as ten people were found living in a single room. 5. You've given me too ______ food. 6. ______ went his way.
7. ______ of my parents live in Japan.
8. One of the boys is named Tom, the _____ named Bill. 9. Show me some ______.
10. I don't like this room. Let's ask for _____. <参考答案>
1. something 2. anything 3. any 4. many 5. much 6. Each 7. Both 8. other 9. others 10. another
14. some的用法 <例句>
She's living at some place in Canada. 她住在加拿大的某个地方。 <语法分析>
不定代词some的意思是表示“一些”,可以用来指人或其他可数的东西,也可以用来表示不可数名词的东西,它在肯定句中用作主语、宾语、定语等。在这个句子中,some和单数可数名词连用,其意义是表示“某个”,这与certain的意义相同。
<触类旁通>
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(1) Some of them can speak English. 他们中的有些人会讲英语。 语法分析:简单用法。
(2) Can I take some of these apples? 这些苹果我拿些可以吗?
语法分析:一般在疑问句里要用any,但有时候却要用到本应用在肯定句中的some这个词,这种用法所表达的含义是希望得到肯定的答复。这个例句的所隐含的意思是我很想拿一些苹果,希望对方给予肯定性的回答。
(3) She enjoys some music. 她喜欢某些音乐。
语法分析:some修饰不可数名词。 (4) Aren't there some eggs on the table? 桌子上不是有些鸡蛋吗?
语法分析:some用于反问句或请求句中。 <巩固练习>
1. Did ______ of you catch the train. 2. ______ children learn languages easily. 3. ______ work is very difficult. 4. Would you like ______ tea? 5. Ask ______ secretary to come here. <参考答案>
1. some 2. Some 3. Some 4. some 5. some15. all 的用法 15. all 的用法 <例句>
It has been raining all day. 下了一整天的雨。 <语法分析>
不定代词all在句子里用作定语,与可数名词的单数连用,表示“整个“,它可以修饰可数名词,表示“所有的”,也可以修饰不可数名词,表示“一切”。 all可以用作代词,代表可数的东西或不可数的东西,在句子中可以作主语、宾语等。在句子中, all可用作同位语,后面还可以跟一个定语来修饰它。
<触类旁通>
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(1) He has read all these books. 这些书他全看了。
语法分析:修饰可数名词表示“所有的”。 (2) She has lost all her money. 她的钱全丢了。
语法分析:修饰不可数名词名词表示“一切”。 (3) She worked hard all her life. 她一生都很辛苦。
语法分析:与可数名词单数连用,表示“整个”。 (4) The old woman was all tenderness and kindness. 这个老妇人很温柔和蔼。
语法分析:与名词一起用作表语,表示状态。 (5) Now all is chanded. 现在一切都变了。
语法分析:用作代词,可以作主语或宾语等成分。 (6) I have read them all. 所有这些我都看了。 语法分析:在句中作同位语。 (7) I have said all I intend to say. 我想说的都说了。
语法分析: all后面还可以跟一个定语来修饰它。 <巩固练习>
1. ______ these children can swim. 2. Not ______ food is good to eat. 3. ______ of them voted against the plan. 4. She's pretty sick about it ______. 5. Is that ______ you want to say? 6. _____ I desired was leisure for study. 7. She has come _____ the way from Beijing.
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<参考答案>
1. All 2. all 3. All 4. all 5. all 6. All 7. all 16. other, another的用法 <例句>
Are there any other questions? 还有什么别的问题吗? <语法分析>
other在句子中用作定语,表示“另外的”、“别的”、“其他的”。还可用作主语或宾语表示“另外那个人”、“别的......”。 Another也可用作定语,表示“另一个”或“又一个”,还可和数词连用。 Another也可用作主语、宾语或表语等,表示“另外一个”。
<触类旁通>
(1) I'm busy now. Please come some other time. 我现在忙,请另找时间来。
语法分析:other在句子里可用作定语。 (2) Some people came by car; others came on foot. 有的人开车来,还有的人走着来。 语法分析:other在句子里用作主语。 (3) Show me some others. 另外拿几个给我看看。
语法分析:other在句子里用作宾语。 (4) He had another cup of tea. 他又喝了一杯茶。
语法分析:another可用作定语。 (5) Then another put uo his hand. 又一个人举手了。
语法分析:another可用作主语。 (6) Saying is one thing and doing another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。 语法分析:another可用作表语。 <巩固练习>
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1. ______ members may not like the dea.
2. Some like chocolate ice-cream; ______ prefer vanilla ice-cream. 3. I don't like this one. Have you got any ______? 4. She's writing _______ novel.
5. There was a rainbow in the sky, and ______ in his breast. 6. Is this ______ of you silly jokes?
7. I've still got ______ three questions to answer. <参考答案>
1. Other 2. others 3. others 4. another 5. another 6. another 7. another 17.数 词 <例句>
There were millions of blooms. 有数以百万计的花。 <语法分析>
基数词在句子中作主语,此外还可作定语、表语、同位语以及宾语或介词宾语等。序数词在句中可作定语、表语、主语、宾语或介词宾语等,序数词还可用在某些短语中。分数词由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子为1的情况外,序数词都要用复数形式。分数词可以作主语、定语、状语、宾语或介词宾语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) The river is about eighty miles long. 这条河约有八十英里长。
语法分析:基数词在句子中作定语。 (2) I read five of his novels. 我看了五本他写的小说。 语法分析:基数词作宾语。
(3) Its population is nearly three million. 它的人口数量接近三百万。 语法分析:基数词作表语。 (4) She's getting married a third time. 她将第三次结婚。
语法分析:序数词和a连用,表示“再一个”、“又一个”等。
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(5) I thought that performance third-rate. 我认为那场演出是三流的。
语法分析:序数词可用在许多短语中。 (6) Mother divided the cake into thirds. 妈妈把蛋糕分成三份。
语法分析:分数词作宾语或介词宾语。 <巩固练习>
(1) There are _____[million] of books in that library.
(2) Tens of ______[thousand] of mossbacks used to roam the prairie. (3) They arrived in twos and _____[three].
(4) A _____[two] swan flew down. Then a third and a fourth. (5) I bought a _____ hand car. (6) She died in her _____[fifty]. <参考答案>
(1) millions (2) thousands (3) threes (4) second (5) second (6) fifties 18.关于数词的注意点 <例句>
In the past thirty years or so, scientists have been able to “see” farther and farther into sky. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,科学家已可以观测到越来越远的太空。 <语法分析>
有关约数的表示法, or so表示“左右”,“大约”可以用about, nearly, some 和 around等表示,用over, more long 可以表示“多余、超过”的意思。用or more和or less 来表示“或......以上”和“或......以下”的意思。基数词常位于another和all后面,such和more的前面,可以谓语last, next和other的前面或后面。
<触类旁通>
(1) The pig weights abouts 60 pounds. 这头猪大约60磅重。
语法分析:用about, nearly, some和around等词表示“大约”。 (2) The road is over 3,000 meters long. 这条路有3000多米长。
语法分析:用over, more long可以表示“多于、超过”等意思。
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(3) He is less than fifteen years old. 他不到15岁。
语法分析:“少于、不超过”用less than 表示。 (4) This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间的大小是那个房间的两倍。
语法分析:主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + as + 形容词 + as 句式表示倍数。 (5) I offer ten times the amount of money that he has borrowed. 我愿出十倍于他借的钱。
语法分析:主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + as + the size + of 句式表示倍数。 (6) Line A is four times longer than Line B. 线A比线B长4倍。
语法分析:主语 + 谓语 + 倍数或分数 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than句式表示倍数。 <巩固练习>
(1) The hall can hold 100 people _____ more. (2) There are 1,000 workers _____ less in our factory. (3) I have four times _____ many books as you.
(4) We shall produce twice as much gram _____ we did in last year. (5) The length of this rope is three times the _____ of that one. (6) She has four times _____ money than I have.
(7) The grain output is 5 percent higher this year _____ than of last year. (8) The production of iron has been increased _____ five times this year. <参考答案>
(1) or (2) or (3) as (4) as (5) length (6) more (7) than (8) by 19.量 词 <例句>
Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。 <语法分析>
有很多作定语的代词和限定词,尤其是不定代词和相关限定词,可以用来表示数量。量词不是一种词类,而是许多与数量有关的词和短语。量词的构成有很多,如由“名词+ of”可以构
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成很多量词,此外有各种数词,某些与数量有关的形容词、名词、合成词等都是量词。还有某些与数量有关的词组也可以作量词。
<触类旁通>
(1) None of us are surprised. 我们谁也不感觉到吃惊。
语法分析:作定语的代词和限定词,尤其是不定代词和相关限定词表示数量,可用作主语、宾语或介词宾语等。
(2) She has a heap of trouble. 她有很多麻烦事。
语法分析:“名词+ of”类型的量词可以加在所修饰的词前面。 (3) Numbers of people came to the meeting. 与会者人数很多。
语法分析:有些“名词+ of”类型的量词可用复数形式,以强调数量之多。 (4) He is just out to do a bit of shopping. 他只是出来买点东西。
语法分析:有些“名词+ of”类型的量词可以表示少量的。 (5) I need a ball of string. 我需要一团线。
语法分析:有些“名词+ of”类型的量词与形状有关。 (6) The road is 6 metres wide. 这条马路有六米宽。
语法分析:有些形容词与数量有关。 (7) The room is 10 feet in width. 房间宽10英尺。
语法分析:也有些名词和in连用,表示数量。 <巩固练习>
(1) _____ a little makes a mickle.
(2) A good many _____ them are beginners. (3) We've had _____[quantity] of rain this summer. (4) Have a spot _____ tea.
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(5) She was sucking a _____ of coffee.
(6) A _____ of students asked to see the principal. (7) A _____ of sheep blocked the road. (8) A _____ of mosquitoes came over. <参考答案>
(1) Many (2) of (3) quantites (4) of (5) stick (6) group (7) flock (8) could 20.动词的种类 <例句>
Where did you put the books? 你把书放哪儿了? <语法分析>
put为及物动词,这类动词很多,通常都跟有宾语,有些及物动词后可以跟表示人的名词或代词作宾语。不及物动词都不跟宾语,有大部分动词都可兼作及物动词和不及物动词,但词意有时会有所不同。有些双宾动词可跟两个宾语,前面为间接宾语,后面为直接宾语。两个词或三个词在一起构成一个成语,作用和一个单一的动词差不多,成为成语动词。此外,动词还有系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
<触类旁通>
(1) She promised to treat us to dinner. 她答应请我们吃饭。
语法分析:有些及物动词可和一个介词短语或副词连用。 (2) I'm sure he didn't notice (it). 我肯定他没有注意此事。
语法分析:有些动词常作及物动词,但有时宾语不讲出,因此也就成了不及物动词。 (3) I wish you good luck. 祝你好运。
语法分析:双宾动词可跟两个宾语。 (4) The wind has dies down a bit. 风平息了一点。
语法分析:不及物动词+副词构成成语动词。 (5) I called on him yesterday. 昨天我拜访了他。
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语法分析:不及物动词+介词构成成语动词。 (6) I must be getting off now. 现在我得动身了。
语法分析:不及物动词+副词构成成语动词。 (7) I am looking forward to his arrival. 我盼望他的到来。
语法分析:动词+副词+介词构成成语动词。 <巩固练习>
(1) I couldn't rid myself ____ this melancholy mood. (2) The plan depends _____ the weather. (3) The war broke _____ in 1935.
(4) She could not account _____ her absence from school. (5) Then they got _____ the bus. (6) I'll try to hurry him _____.
(7) Don't look down _____ this kind of work. <参考答案>
(1) of (2) on (3) out (4) for (5) off/on (6) up (7) on 21.一般现在时 <例句>
He knows several languages. 他懂几国语言。 <语法分析>
这个句子表示现在的情况或状态,是一般现在时的用法,主要表示经常发生或反复发生的动作,还表示永恒的真理等。有很多动词表示一种状态,寄静态动词,常用语一般现在时。还有一些动词表示短暂的动作,可以称作短暂动词,也用于一般现在时态,而不宜用于进行时态。
<触类旁通> (1) She gets up at six. 她六点钟起床。
语法分析:表示经常性的或反复性的动作。 (2) It snows in winter.
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冬天下雪。
语法分析:表示永恒的真理。 (3) How does the story end? 故事的结局如何?
语法分析:一般现在时可以表示一些没有时间性的动作。 (4) When does the movie begin? 电影几点开演?
语法分析:在口语中,一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事情,通常都有一个表示未来时间的状语。
(5) In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。
语法分析:在时间或条件从句中,用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 (6) I hear he wants a secretary. 我听说他需要一位秘书。
语法分析:有少数动词如say, tell以及hear等可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况。 <巩固练习>
(1) I hope that you ____[feel] better soon.
(2) I'll just say whatever _____[come] into my head. (3) I won't write unless she _____[write] first. (4) Whatever _____[happen], I'm going.
(5) When the waste water from factories _____[be] cleaned and reused, a lot of money is saved. (6) I _____[be] busy all day tomorrow.
(7) If they are burned, they _____[give] off poisonous gases. <参考答案>
(1) feel (2) comes (3) writes (4) happens (5) is (6) am (7) give 22.一般现在时的特殊用法 <例句>
I am busy all day tomorrow. 我明天整天都忙。 <语法分析>
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当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时,一般现在时可代替将来时态,在以下情况如在时间状语或条件状语从句中,在主句的谓语动词是将来时的定语从句和宾语从句中,在表示比较结构中的比较状语从句中,一般现在时可代替将来时态。在here和there引导的句中,常用一般现在时代替现在进行时态。
<触类旁通>
(1) Tell him about that when he comes. 他来时把那件事请告诉他。
语法分析:在时间状语从句中,一般现在时可代替将来时态。 (2) I'll stay with you so long as there is a room free. 只要有空房,我就和你住一起。
语法分析:在条件状语从句中,一般现在时可代替将来时态。 (3) Look, here comes your sister. 看,你姐姐来了。
语法分析:在here引导的句子中,常用一般现在时代替现在进行时态。 (4) There goes the bell. 打铃了。
语法分析:在there引导的句中,常用一般现在时代替现在进行时态。 (5) The first person who opens that door will get a shock. 第一个开门的人会大吃一惊的。
语法分析:在主句的谓语动词是将来时的定语从句和宾语从中,will不可省略。 <巩固练习>
(1) Her daughter won't go to bed until she ____[finish] her lesson. (2) I'll write to your mother if you _____[be] not here on time tomorrow. (3) They'll have an outing at the seaside if the weather _____[permit].
(4) If she won't arrive before eight, there _____[be] no point in ordering dinner for her. (5) If they are burned, they ____[give] off poisinous gases. (6) When _____ our school begin?
(7) My brother's birthday _____ in three weeks' time. (8) It _____ Sunday tomorrow, you know. (9) There _____[go] the last bus. <参考答案>
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(1) finishes (2) are (3) permits (4) is (5) give (6) does (7) is (8) is (9) goes 23.一般过去时 <例句>
We lived in London years ago. 多年以前我们住在伦敦。 <语法分析>
一般过去时和一般现在时一样,都可以表示状态、习惯和重复性动作,但一般过去时更多地表示一次性动作,通常要有时间状语。一般过去时所指的时间范围可以包括过去、过去将来以及现在等等。在口语里,可以用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或试探性的态度。
<触类旁通>
(1) I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike. 我想问问能否借用一下你的自行车。
语法分析:在口语里,want, hope, wonder, wish以及think等动词后可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气和试探性的态度。
(2) If I were a bird, I would fly to our capital. 如果是一只鸟,我要飞到首都去。
语法分析:在虚拟语气中常用一般过去时,假设现在或将来。 (3) She came late three times this week. 她这星期迟到了三次。
语法分析:一般过去时可以与today, this week以及this month等时间状语连用。 (4) Could you set your hand to the agreement? 请在协议书上签名好吗?
语法分析:情态动词的过去时could, might, would以及should等所表示的语气显得委婉。 (5) She wanted the book next week. 她下周要这本书。
语法分析:句子的谓语动词如果是want, expect, promise以及call等时,它们的过去时可与表示将来的时间状语连用,但这个时间状语并不是指这些动词所表示动作的发生时间。
<巩固练习>
(1) He _____[suggest] my starting the day after tomorrow. (2) The members _____[call] for a meeting tomorrow. (3) You are mistaken, I _____[shall] say.
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(4) If I _____[have] enough money, I'd buy a new car. (5) I _____[think] you might go and see him this evening.
(6) She asked the taxi-driver to hurry because her plane _____[leave] at six. <参考答案>
(1) suggested (2) called (3) should (4) had (5) thought (6) left 24.过去进行时 <例句>
What were you doing when I rang you? 我给你打电话的时候你在干吗? <语法分析>
过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行,而过去的时间可以由一个状语表示出来,有时候时间由上下文表示出来。过去进行时既具有一般过去时的特点,又具有进行时的特点。过去进行时与一般过去时的基本差别是,前者表示一个正在进行的动作,而后者则表示一个已经完成的动作。而且,用进行时态时有时有感情色彩。
<触类旁通>
(1) She was always working. 她总是不停地干活。
语法分析:这个句子具有赞扬的意味,有时用进行时态可使句子具有感情色彩,特别是带有always, forever和constantly等状语的时候。
(2) I got to know him when I was working in a pharmacy. 我在药房工作时结识了他。
语法分析:在状语从句中,经常要用到过去进行时。
(3) The kettle was boiling, the telephone was ringing and someone was knocking at the door. 壶里的水开着,电话铃响着,又有人在敲门。 语法分析:过去进行时表示正在进行的一次性动作。 (4) I was always missing trains. 我总是误火车。
语法分析:过去进行时可以表示经常重复性的动作。
(5)They were expecting to finish the work last week, but unexpectedly the machines went out of order.
他们原以为上个月会完成工作,但不巧机器出了故障。
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语法分析:某些词或词组如come, go, plan, expect以及look forward to 等的过去进行时,有时是表示本来打算做而实际没有做成的事情。
(6) By the time he was ten he was already doing experiment in chemistry. 到十岁时,他已经在做化学实验了。
语法分析:过去进行时还可以表示该动作还未结束或已进入一个新阶段。 (7) I was wondering whether you could give me some advice. 不知道你可否帮我出点主意。
语法分析:有时用进行时表示现在的想法,可以显得客气一点。 <巩固练习>
(1) Soon all the people of the city _____[talk] of the wonderful cloth. (2) She _____[come] to see me, but unfortunately she was ill. (3) He was busy yesterday. He _____[prepare] for the exams. (4) She lost her purse when she _____[sroll] across a meadow. (5) I asked her to tell me what _____[trouble] her. (6) I _____[hope] you could reconsider our proposal. <参考答案>
(1) were talking (2) was coming (3) was preparing (4) was strolling (5) was troubling (6) was hoping
25.现在进行时 <例句>
The baby is constantly screaming. 小孩儿总是在尖叫。 <语法分析>
有时为了表示经常性的动作,可以用现在进行时态,这属于现在进行时的特殊用法,该例句就是这种用法。一般而言,现在进行时态表示现在正在进行的动作和短期内的重复性的动作,这种动作是没有结束的、暂时的,而不是一种状态。不是所有的动词都可以用于现在进行时态,例如表示状态和感觉的词等。
<触类旁通> (1) It's snowing hard. 天正下着雪。
语法分析:现在进行时表示此刻正在发生的事。 (2) He's teaching at a middle school.
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他在一所中学教书。
语法分析:有时候表示现阶段正发生的事情,此刻动作不一定正在进行。 (3) You are being childish. 你这样做真是太孩子气了。
语法分析:be在一般情况下不用于现在进行时,但有时却可以用来表示一时的表现。 (4) They are getting married next month. 他们下月要结婚。
语法分析:现在进行时还常可以用来表示将来的动作,特别是在口语中,常有一个表示将来的时间状语,多指已计划安排好的事情。
(5) I can do some reading while I'm waiting for the bus. 我在等车时可以看看书。
语法分析:现在进行时也可以用在时间和条件从句中表示未来的情况。 (6) How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样?
语法分析:现在进行时可以表示经常性的动作,这样是为了表示某种情绪。 <巩固练习>
(1) He _____[do] fine work at school. (2) We _____[leave] on Friday.
(3) She looks lovely when she _____[smile]. (4) Suppose it _____[rain] tonight, shall we go? (5) They _____[spend] the summer at Canada. <参考答案>
(1) is doing (2) are leaving (3) is smiling (4) is raining (5) are spending 26.一般将来时 <例句>
It is going to take a long time to do this work. 做这件工作要花费很长时间。 <语法分析>
将来时态表示将要发生的事情,可以有很多种表达方式,一般情况下用shall或will构成一般将来时态。该句是用be going to 的形式来表示的一般将来时,其含义是打算要去做某件事或即将发生的某事。这个结构其实等同于will所引导的将来结构,二者是可以互换的。
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<触类旁通>
(1) I am going to buy you some flowers. 我打算给你买一些花。 语法分析:表示打算要干某事。 (2) It's going to rain this afternoon. 今天下午要下雨。
语法分析:表示将要发生的事情。 (3) I will be a worker next week. 下星期我就要成为一个工人了。
语法分析:用will表示将来要发生的事情,在口语中各人称后均可用will。 (4) I'm leaving. 我要离开了。
语法分析:用现在进行时态表示将要做的事。 (5) Where shall you go for your weekend? 你将到哪里去度周末?
语法分析:shall主要用于第一人称后,构成疑问句,询问对方将要做的事情。 (6) We all know spring will come again. 我们都知道春天还会再来。 语法分析:表示未来习惯性的动作。
(7) When it gets warmer some birds will come back again. 天暖和一点一些鸟就会再飞回来。
语法分析:在包含条件、时间等从句的句子里,用will结构时较多。 (8) She is to be married tomorrow. 她明天结婚。
语法分析:be +不定式表示将要发生的事情,也可以表示要求做的事情,类似的用法还有be about to 结构和be due to 结构等。
<巩固练习>
(1) He's ______[go] to buy a new computer. (2) We ______ know the result this afternoon. (3) _____ I do this work?
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(4) _____ you tell her I'll be back at six?
(5) I put this apple on the table, so that she _____ see it. (6) No one is _____ leave this room without my permission. (7) She's _____ to start.
(8) They are _____ to meet again next week. <参考答案>
(1) going (2) will (3) Shall (4) Will (5) will (6) to (7) about (due) (8) due (about)
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