小菜学英语 Practice makes perfect!
语法：动词不定式
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
一、 二、
构成：to do .否定式 not to do
常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时 to be doing 完成式 to have done
完成进行式 to have been doing
三、动词不定式在句子中的成分
1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。 比较下列句子
To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. White.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结
It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品质、
特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）。 It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\\are +adj. +to do…如果要说明不定式表示的
动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard.It is easy for him to speak English. 动词不定式作主语练习
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省) 2. It's hard for us _____ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
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3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will ______the workers over a year _____ ____the flyover.(北京市海淀区) 4. It's very nice _____you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)
KEYS: 1. A 2.C 3. take, to build 4. B
2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient.My dream is to own a robot. Your task is to clean the classroom.
The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well. The workers demanded to get better pay. I hope to hear from you soon. John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show. They are trying to solve the problem by himself. Millions of people have learned to use computers. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
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go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事 need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing sth. 需要被做
Don’t forge to turn off the lights before leaving. Father must stop smoking. This bike needs repairing/mending.
注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形
式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English. I fond it difficult to learn physics. 注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get,
wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”结构。
The teacher told us to read the text. He asked me not to tell you the news. His parents didn’t allow him to play. I expect you to give me some help. Mr.Lu asks ue to hand in our homework on time. The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water. Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class. Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well. 注意3：不定式作宾补省去 to 的情况(在被动语态中则to 不能省掉)
常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）、半帮助help（可带to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sth）
I made him to do his work. .----------------------------make sb.do sth. Please listen to me to sing this song again.-------------------listen to sb.do sth. I felt someone to open my door.--------------------------------feel sb.do sth. The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-------------make sb.do sth. You must watch me to do everything--------------------------watch sb.do sth. Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.-------let sb.do sth. 3 / 16
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He often helps (to) clean the room. Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English. 被动语to要加上
He was made to do his work (by me) They are made to work for 12 hours a day. He was heard to speak in the next room. John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment. The patient was warned not to eat food after the operation. Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially children. 动词不定式作宾语练习
1. He wants ___ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) 3. He found it very difficult ___
A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
4. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省) 5. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) 6. We saw him ___the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省) 7. So much work usually makes them __very tired.
A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 8. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省) 9. I was made ___ my homework in the afternoon.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D 4.B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C
4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.
I want to get something to read during the holiday. 4 / 16
小菜学英语 Practice makes perfect!
We have a lot work to do . She is the first person to think of the idea. I have something interesting to tell you. He is looking for a room to live in .--------------------------------------live是不及物动词 There is nothing for us to worry about.----------------------------------worry是不及物动词 Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave. There is no need to trouble him. 没有必要去烦他 Have you got anything important to tell me? 重要的事情去告诉我 I’ve got nothing to worry about. 没有什么去担心 I’m thirsty. Give me something to drink.给我些东西去喝 Spring is the best season to plant trees. 春季是最好的季节去种树 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有机会去上大学 动词不定式作定语练习
1. Would you like something ____?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省) 2. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省) 3. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)
5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
come to do sth. go to do sth. stop to do sth. in order (not) to do too + adj. + to do sth. adj.\\adv. + enough to do sth so as to , enough to , only to , She came here to borrow an English book.（目的） Let’s stop to have a rest. 5 / 16
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She is too young to go to school.（结果） He runs fast enough to catch a horse. I’m sorry to make you wait here so long.（原因） We are surprised to see such beautiful animals. In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day. I was too tired to fall sleep. She ran fast to catch the first bus. He is rich enough to buy a car. A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 目的 In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(目的) I’m too tired to do well. 结果 He is old enough to go to school . 结果 动词不定式做状语练习
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省) 3. I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省) 4. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省) 5. My mother was very glad ___her old friend.
A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets
6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子) The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省) 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ____ enough __ people ____ ______ ____. (广东省) KEYS： 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on
六、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。 例如：I don’t know what to try next. （作宾语） 6 / 16
小菜学英语 Practice makes perfect!
Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语） 注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?) 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Why not have a rest? How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.) I really don’t know what to write about.(=what I should write about) The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine) I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well) He didn’t know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. Please show us how to use the computer. I don’t know what to buy for you. 动词不定式专项练习： 一、填空
1.——你父亲愿意去购物吗？ ——不，他宁可在家听音乐。 ——Does your father want to go shopping?
——No，he at home. 2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。
They found the disabled. 3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。
Audrey Hepburn the film industry. 4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。
Tell the poor. 5．He . (宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影) 6．Father (习惯于看报)after supper. 7 . If someone laughs at you, you should .(不理睬) KEYS:
1, prefers to\\ would rather listen to music 2,it (was) necessary to help
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4, children not to look down on
3,devoted most of her time to 7，pay no attention to him
二，选择
5，prefers staying at home to going to the cinema 6，is used to reading newspapers ,
1. My teacher was made _____ his teaching because of poor health.
A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up 2.The sentence wants ____ once more.
A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining 3.The Arctic is considered ____ the northern part of the Atlantic.
A. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_____ for him without delay.
A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave 5.I found the German language hard ____.
A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn 6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____.
A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study 9. ---Did you get a job?
--- No, I ___ , but it’s no use.
A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 10.We find it impossible for the work ___ahead of time.
A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished
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11.---I usually go to Shanghai by train.
----Why not ___ there by boat for a change?
A. to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12.___ a living, she had to work from morning till night.
A. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made
13. I would rather starve to death than ___for food.
A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg 14.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered.
A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read
KEYS: 1---5BDCBD 6------10CBABD 11------14BAAC 三、选择
1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see
5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.
A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it
6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
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A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating
11. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 12. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 13. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 14. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 15. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make KEYS: 1----5ABBBB 6-----10ABCAC 11-----15BCAAD
四．填空
1. Peter was________(make) outside.
2. He _________( be hear) unlock the door and go out. 3. The man was seen _______( shoot) the woman on the street. 4. The old lady was noticed______(wipe)her face with a handkerchief. 5. I forgot to ask you ____go to the bank.
6. It is very important ______(turn off)the electricity before you check the machine. 7. I know how _________(make) a mouse out of my handkerchief. 8. Luckily, we don’t have much more work_________.
9. She was very pleased ______(have)the opportunity to travel while she was young. 10. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is
______(get)married and have a child. KEYS:
1. made to wait 2. was heard to unlock 3. to shoot 4. to wipe 5. to 6. to turn off
7. to make 8. to do 9. to have 10. get
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五、真题练习
1. My mother often asks me________early. (2003年北京) A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 2. The teacher told her students______in public. (2003年黑龙江) A. not to shout B. didn't shout C. not shout D. to not shout 3. ___is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肃省) A. This B. It C. That D. Its
4. It's nice________you________me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)
A. for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping 5. They decided________at the end of this month. (2002年济南市) A. to leave B. going C. travel D. not start out 6 All of us found________difficult to work out the maths problem. A. what B. that C. which D. it
7 Please stop________a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南宁市) A. to have B. having C. have D. has
8. There's enough bird food________for a month. (2001年山西省) A. to last B. last C. lasts D. lasted 9. She has no paper________. (2001年重庆市)
A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on
10. Mother asked me________some fruit after supper. (2003年新疆生产建设兵团)
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A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy
11. Let him_______a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年济南市) A. have B. gets C. to take D. has
12 It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children________in the room. (2003年桂林市)
A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed 13. -I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang's home just now.
-Yes, she is often seen________the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市)
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped 14 Yesterday morning I got up early
________be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)
A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 15 Let's________so as not________late for the meeting.
A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be
16 There's no difference between the two words. I really don't know________. (2003年河南)
A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what 17 The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the
students of Class Two haven't decided________. (2003年广东省)
A. what to buy B. how to go C. where to go D. which to choose 18 ________the computer is a problem.
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A. How to use B. What to use C. Which to use D. Where to use 19, -You look rather tired.________stop to take a rest?
-All right. But I'll have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市) A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about 20. The TV set is too loud. Will you please________? (2002年哈尔滨市)
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it KEYS: 1. D 2. A 3 B 4 C 5A 6 D 7A 8A 9.D 10D
11A 12B 13B 14C 15C 16B 17C 18A 19D 20B
六．单选
1. You'd better________your coat. It's cold outside. A. put on B. to put on C. putting on D. puts on 2. We began________English five years ago.
A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. to be learned 3. The Frenchman didn't know______this word in Chinese.
A. how to tell B. how say C. how to say D. how talk 4. His mother made him________the floor every day.
A. sweeps B. to sweep C. sweeping D. sweep 5. She was heard________an English song in her room last night. A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. singing
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6. Peter asked me________him with his chemistry.
A. help B. helping C. helped D. to help 7. It is good for us________morning exercises. A. do B. to do C. did D. done 8. The teacher told us________in bed. A. don't read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read
9. It's too early. Why________a rest with us?
A. not have B. not having C. not to have D. didn't have 10. The old woman was________angry________say a word. A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to
KEYS：1-10 ACCDD DBDAC
附加练习：阅读
（A）
Robert is sixteen now. He'll finish middle school in two years. His father has a shop and gets much money. He hopes his son can go to college and makes him study hard. But the young man likes playing cards. He always goes out when his parents fall asleep.
One night, when Robert came back, his father happened to see him. The old man was very angry and told his son to live upstairs. Now Robert has to go up and down quietly. Of course it troubles him. But he hasn't found a way yet.
When Robert was sure his parents went to sleep last night, he went out to play cards with his friends. He won some money and was happy.
When he got back home, he took off his shoes and was going upstairs. He heard a noise in his parents'. He stood behind the door and saw a man come out. He realized the man was
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a thief. He stopped him at once. The thief was very afraid and brought out all the things he stole in the room.
\"Tell me how you didn't wake my parents up, \"said Robert,\" or I'll take you to the police station!\"
( ) 1.What does Robert's father do?
A. He is a teacher B. He is a shop owner C. He is a student D. He is a farmer ( ) 2.Robert likes ____.
A. studying hard B. helping his parents C. watching TV D. playing cards ( ) 3.Why did Robert's father ask him to live upstairs? A. Because Robert liked to live upstairs.
B. Because his father didn't want Robert to go out. C. Because his father didn't want to trouble Robert. D. Because Robert wanted to study upstairs.
( )4.When Robert came back last night, whom did he see?
A.His brother B.His mother C.A thief D.His teacher ( ) 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Robert wanted to learn how to steal things. B. Robert wanted to stop playing cards.
C. Robert wanted to know how the thief didn't wake his parents up. D.Robert wanted to know how to win more money.
(B )
Many people think the more time is spent, the more work will be done. So students have to __16__ the whole day doing school work __17__ the three meals.
Modern students have many __18__.They love sports, computers and music. A __19__ holiday can get them away from too much school works, and they can do what they like. But still teachers do not __20__ it. Because students have too much homework, they have no time to enjoy themselves. Students are really tired of their weekend homework. So they don't do it __21__ Sunday night. And there is not enough time to finish the homework carefully. The poor weekend homework usually makes teachers __22__.
Things always get worse __23__ right ideas. Too much school work makes students lose __24__ in learning. It's also bad for their health.
A horse runs faster after a rest. But for students only a rest is not enough. So such a condition(状况) should be __25__ to give students both pleasure and knowledge.
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( ) 16.A.take B.cost C.spend D.pay ( ) 17.A.except B.for C.during D.with ( ) 18.A.interests B.books C.pens D.friends
( ) 19.A.two days B.two-days C.two-day D.two-day's ( ) 20.A.talk about B.think about C.speak of D.look after ( ) 21.A.on B.except C.after D.until
( ) 22.A.to get angry B.get angry C.to feel unhappy D.quite surprised ( ) 23.A.to B.by C.without D.with
( ) 24.A.interested B.interest C.interesting D.themselves ( ) 25.A.changed B.kept C.taught D.made
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