考研英语(二)模拟试卷172(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷172 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

Ernest Hemingway was one of the most important American writers in the history of contemporary American literature. He was the【C1】______spokesperson for the Lost Generation and also the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature (1954). His writing style and personal life【C2】______a【C3】______influence on American writers of his time. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a doctor’s family in Oak Park, in the【C4】______of Chicago. The novel【C5】______established Hemingway’s【C6】______was The Sun Also Rises (1926). The story described a group of【C7】______Americans and Britons living in France. That is to【C8】______, it described the life of the members of the【C9】______Lost Generation after World War I . Hemingway’s second major novel was A Farewell to Arms (1929) , a love story【C10】______in wartime Italy. That novel was【C11】______by Death in the Afternoon (1932) and Green Hills of Africa (1935). His two【C12】______of short stories Men without Women (1927) and Winner Take Nothing (1933) established his fame【C13】______the master of short stories. In the late 1930’s, Hemingway began to express【C14】______about social problems. His novel To Have and Have Not (1937)【C15】______economic and political injustices. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)【C16】______the conflict of the Spanish Civil War. In 1952, Hemingway published The Old Man and the Sea, for【C17】______he won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize. In 1954, Hemingway was【C18】______the Nobel Prize of Literature. Later, being【C19】______and ill, he shot【C20】______on July 2, 1961.

1． 【C1】 A．outstanding B．monotonous C．awkward D．modest

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查点是逆向推断。本题空白处后面的信息内容“and also the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature(第六个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人)”提示本题应该选择A(outstanding突出的)这个褒义词，以便使本句所表达的内容保持前后一致。

2． 【C2】 A．simulated

B．exerted C．stimulated D．exceeded

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查点是词语的固定使用。本题空白处后面的信息内容“…influence on…(对……的影响)”提示本题应该选用B(exerted产生)，因为这样才能构成“exert an influence on…”这一常用的固定表达方式。

3． 【C3】 A．offensive B．progressive C．nominal D．profound

正确答案：D 解析：本题考查点是词语的固定使用。本题空白处后面的信息内容“influence on…(对于……的影响)”提示本题应该选用一个经常修饰名词“influence”的形容词，故本题应该选用D(profound深刻的)，因为该词经常修饰限定名词“influence”，表达“深刻的影响”之含义。

4． 【C4】 A．suburbs B．summit C．mall D．circus

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查点是词语的固定使用。本题测试英语常用的固定表达方式之一“in the suburbs of．．．(在……的郊区)”，故本题应该选用A(suburbs郊区)。

5． 【C5】 A．in that B．what C．whose D．that

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查点是定语从句。本题空白处后面的信息内容(动词“was”和“established”)提示本句应该选用D(that)，以便使本句中的“ 5 established Hemingway’s reputation”构成一个定语从句，因为这样才能保持本句在语法结构上的正确。

6． 【C6】

A．institution B．villa

C．reputation D．pursuit

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前面的信息内容“The novel that established Hemingway’s______…(确立海明威的……的小说)”提示本题应该选择C(reputation声誉)，因为这样才能完整表达全文中心主旨句(首段第一句)的内容(海明威是美国现代文学史上最重要的作家之一)。

7． 【C7】 A．ambitious B．expatriate C．learned D．wealthy

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查点是逆向推断。本题空白处后面的信息内容“Americans and Britons living in France(生活在法国的美国人和英国人)”提示本题应该选用B(expatriate移居国外的)，因为这样才可以保持空白处信息内容与空白处后面信息内容的正确和一致性。

8． 【C8】 A．speak B．observe C．say D．remark

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查点是词语的固定使用。本题的四个选项均含有“说”的意思。但是本题的测试点是英语的固定表达法之一“That is to say(也就是说)”，故本题应该选C。

9． 【C9】 A．so-called B．registered C．refined D．classical

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查点是逆向推断。本题空白处后面的信息内容“Lost Generation迷惘的一代”提示本题应该选用A(so-called所谓的)，因为这样才能与空白处后面表达称谓的“Lost Generation”在语义上保持一致。

10． 【C10】 A．set

B．published C．sold D．cited

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查点是逆向推断。本题空白处后面的信息内容“in wartime Italy(战时的意大利)”提示本题应该选用A(set设置背景等)，因为只有这样才能表达原文所要传达的信息内容，即“(小说的场景)设置在战时的意大利”。

11． 【C11】 A．incorporated B．combined C．followed D．shadowed

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前面的信息内容“1926年和1929年”以及空白处后面的信息内容“1932年和1935年”，均提示本题应该选用C(followed在时间上接着……来到)，因为这样才能保持空白处前后的时间状语在表述上的连贯和正确。

12． 【C12】 A．volumes B．collections C．sections D．chapters

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查点是文学知识。本题空白处后面的信息内容“of short stories短篇小说的……”提示本题应该选用B(collections集子)，因为这样表达才是“小说集”的英语固定表达法。

13． 【C13】 A．for B．of C．by D．as

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查点是一词多义。本题的测试点是介词“as”一词的常用词义之一——“作为”。本题空白处前后的信息内容“his fame(他的声誉)”和“the master

of short stories(短篇小说大师)”均提示本题应选用D(as作为)。本词的另一个常用词义是“和……一样，如同”。

14． 【C14】 A．courage B．fear C．concern D．confidence

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前后的信息内容“express______about social problems(表达对社会问题的______)”提示本题应该选用C(concern关心，关注)，因为“表达对社会问题的关注”是一种常用的语言措辞方式。

15． 【C15】 A．commended B．eliminated C．condemned D．assessed

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查点是语境推断。本题空白处前后的信息内容“His novel…______economic and political injustices(他的小说______经济和政治的不公正)”提示本题应该选用C(condemned谴责)，因为“谴责经济和政治的不公正”是一种常用的表达方式。

16． 【C16】 A．portrayed B．quenched C．evaluated D．resolved

正确答案：A 解析：本题考查点是词语的固定使用。本题空白前后的信息内容“The novel…the conflict of the Spanish Civil War(小说______西班牙内战的冲突)”提示本题应该选用A(portrayed描述，描写)，因为“小说描述或描绘……”是一种常见的措辞表达方式。

17． 【C17】 A．that B．which C．whom D．what

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查点是定语从句。本题空白处前面的句子“Hemingway published The Old Man and the Sea”和空白处后面的句子“he won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize”提示本题测试点是定语从句，应该选用B(which引导定语从句)。因为本题空白处前面有逗号并且有介词，故不能选用A(that引导定语从句)。

18． 【C18】 A．granted B．offered C．awarded D．provided

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查点是同义词辨析。本题四个选项均含有“给”的意思，但是本题空白处后面的“the Nobel Prize of Literature(诺贝尔文学奖)”提示本题应该选用C(awarded授予)，因为这个词经常和“奖励”一起搭配使用。

19． 【C19】 A．depressed B．hesitant C．legitimate D．sensitive

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查点是逆向推断知识。本题空白处后面的信息内容“and ill(生病)”提示本题应该选用A(depressed抑郁的，沮丧的)，因为这样才能保持连词“and”前后内容的连贯性和一致性。

20． 【C20】 A．one B．him C．oneself D．himself

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查点是代词的固定使用。本题重点测试反身代词“himself”的使用。由于本句的主语是“he”，本句所要表达的内容是“他开枪自杀”，故本题应该选用D(himself他自己)，因为英语的语法法则之一是：当主语和宾语相同时，宾语要使用反身代词。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below

each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoe-shine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economist’s economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that “you can’t go wrong” investing in housing—the more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to ever loftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallacies regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts. One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argued that “ house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here”. But this confuses the level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising indefinitely—just look at Tokyo’s huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of homes may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years. A second flawed argument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some people, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion. Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because inflation is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than one repaid over two years. Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of America’s Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in the stock market because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust than is a share-price boom.

21． The term “fallacies” (Paragraph 1) most probably means______. A．ridiculous strategies B．obsolete methodologies C．mistaken beliefs

D．far-fetched assertions

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生准确理解原文中重要词语的能力。原文首段尾句中的“fallacies”一词的含义是“谬论，谬见；谬误”，故本题的正确选项

是C“mistaken beliefs”(错误的认识)。考生在阅读时如果遇到生词，应该把握上下文和全文中心主旨进行推断。

22． What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text?

A．The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text.

B．A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs.

C．The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs.

D．A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs.

正确答案：B 解析：本题属于中心主旨题类型，测试考生把握全文整体结构和中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段的尾句和第二、三、五段的首句。首段的尾句讲：“到了揭露一些谬论的时候了……”；然后第二、三、五段分别具体阐述和分析了三个谬论。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B“A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs．”(第一段进行概括，在后面的段落对该概括进行阐述)。考生在阅读时要重视原文的整体结构，这样有利于理解原文。

23． The author of the text makes a comparison in______. A．Paragraph 4

B．concluding paragraph C．Paragraph 2

D．opening paragraph

正确答案：A 解析：这是一道细节结构题，测试考生对原文中的语言结构和表达手法的识别与理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，该句使用的是“be like…”(像……，如同……)这一比较结构。该句的大意是：“认为低利率使购房更便宜就如同认为四年偿还的汽车货款低于两年偿还的车贷。”根据本句的主要结构和内容可以推断本题的正确选项是A“Paragraph 4”(第四段)。考生在阅读时要重视语言结构及其功能和作用。

24． The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price bubbles are______.

A．complementary B．identical C．opposite D．similar

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文重要细节的识别和把握能力。本题的答案信息来源在全文的尾段，尤其尾段的前三句。前三句的大意是：“第三个谬见是美联储主席Alan Greenspan喜欢说的话，即：由于较高交易成本不利于投机，所以与证券市场相比价格泡沫在住房市场上出现的可能性较小。实际上，若干研究已经表明，无论在理论上还是实践中，泡沫更有可能存在于住房市场，而不是证券市场。”由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是C“opposite”(相对立的)。

25． To which of the following is the author likely to agree?

A．It is time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home.

B．Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.

C．People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.

D．Alan Greenspan’s claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three.

正确答案：B

解析：本题属于中心主旨题，测试考生识别和把握全文中心主旨句的能力。本题答案信息来源在首段尾句，该句恰恰是全文的中心主旨句。该句主句的大意是：“到了揭露一些谬见的时候了……”由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B“Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being．”(一些常见的有关购房的错误论点应该让公众了解和认识)。

Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refused—and they ended up with several coves called Zog. America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen... shall be eligible to the office of the president”. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger. Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in California’s recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “ Arnold amendments” in Congress: one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983.) It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor. Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17

times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.

26． The author of the text makes a contrast in______. A．Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 B．the opening paragraph

C．Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 D．the concluding paragraph

正确答案：C

解析：本题是一道细节题，测试考生对原文段落关系之间细节的识别、把握与理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第一、二段，尤其是这两段的首句。第一段首句讲：“许多国家有邀请外国人管理其国家的传统。”第二段首句讲：“美国这个移民国家不与引进的外国天才打交道。”由此，我们可以看出作者在原文第一、二段进行了比较，故本题的正确选项应该是C“Paragraph 1 and 2”(第一、二段)。考生在阅读时要注意段落之间的关系。

27． The phrase “ has no truck with” (Paragraph 2) most probably means______. A．lacks means of transportation for B．never discriminate C．have no vehicle to D．refuses to consider

正确答案：D

解析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生对原文词语的正确理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第二段。“has／have no truck with…”这一固定结构的含义是“不与……打交道，不与……来往；同……毫无关系”，故本题的正确选项应该是D“refuses to consider”(不予考虑)。考生在阅读时如果遇到生词可以根据上下文和中心主旨思想去推断。本题通过第二段的第二句也可以推导出来。

28． Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to______.

A．more embarrassing secrets B．previous actor background C．excessive garment decoration D．less slender figure

正确答案：A

解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生识别和准确理解原文信息的能力。本题的

答案信息来源在第四段的尾句，该句的大意是：“实际上，即使法律进行了相关修改，施瓦辛格也大有可能被其他新人排挤掉，这次的新人来自加拿大，密歇根州的民主党州长珍妮弗-格兰霍姆。与享乐主义者的演员(即施瓦辛格)相比，珍妮弗的家丑似乎少一些。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A“more embarrassing secrets”(更多令人为难的秘密)。

29． The word “cyborg” (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to______. A．Aubgrey Herbert B．George Bush senior C．William of Orange

D．Arnold Schwarzenegger

正确答案：D

解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生识别和推断原文重要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段首句，该句的主语是“cyborg”(靠机械装置维持生命的人)。本句的大意是：“虽然自从施瓦辛格(cyborg)取得加州选举的全胜为期还不到一年，但是已经有为施瓦辛格修改宪法的签名运动，旨在让这位奥地利出生的州长有机会入主白宫。”在这句话中“cyborg”一词指代“施瓦辛格”，故本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在阅读时如果一时推导不出来相关正确信息，可利用上下文的提示，通过上段尾句也可推导出本题的正确选项D“Arnold Schwarzenegger”(阿诺-施瓦辛格)。

30． It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that______. A．the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycle B．there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold running C．abolishing slavery and granting women the vote given an impetus to Arnold running

D．both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter

正确答案：B 解析：这是一道细节推导题。测试考生准确理解段落含义并且进行相应推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段，尤其是第一句，该句的大意是：“修改美国宪法绝非易事(doddle)。”由此可以推断：为施瓦辛格个人去修改宪法概率渺茫，故本题的正确选项应该是B“there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold running”(为阿诺-施瓦辛格竞选而进行法律调整的概率不大)。考生在阅读时一定要抓住全文叙述的中心点，并且进行相应的引申推导，推导出作者叙述时的弦外之音。

A pair of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the virus that causes influenza is constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one in 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m and 50m people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that

another such outbreak can be contained—if governments start preparing now. New research published this week suggests that a relatively small stockpile of an anti-viral drug—as little as 3m doses—could be enough to limit sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drug’s manufacturer, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile. This is good news. But much more needs to be done, especially with a nasty strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little international co-ordination. A global stockpile of drugs alone would not be of much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment quickly. If an outbreak occurred in a border region, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agreements between different countries about quarantine and containment. Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent. Rich countries tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyone’s interest to make sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agreements over surveillance and preparedness. Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers to these questions.

31． The word “contained” (Paragraph 1) most probably means______. A．checked B．duplicated C．included D．forecast

正确答案：A

解析：这是一道词汇题，测试考生准确理解原文中词语的能力。在首段尾句中“contained”一词的词义是“被控制，被抑制”，该句的大意是：“今天医学的进步提供了真正的希望，再来一次这样的传染病暴发能够被抑制——如果政府现在开始准备。”可见，本题的正确选项是A“checked”(控制，抑制)。考生在阅读中应充分利用上下文推断陌生词语的含义。

32． According to the text, it is upsetting that______. A．the flu-catching is more pervasive the world over B．the cause of initial outbreak has not been identified C．global co-ordination is yet to well develop

D．people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment

正确答案：C 解析：本题是一道细节推导题，测试考生准确识别原文相关信息并且进行合理推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的尾句，这是一个由转折词“but”引导的句子，其大意是：“但是令人遗憾的是发展一直是参差不齐的；国际协作还远远不够。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是C“global co-ordination is yet to well develop”(全球协作还未良好发展)。考生在阅读时一定要加强审题定位的能力，例如题干中的“upsetting”与原文“shamefully”一词对应关系的识别。

33． The speed of remedy dispatch is of importance to______. A．the recovery of the infected patient B．the treatment of the ailing sufferer C．the prevention of a flu pandemic

D．the efficiency of large supply of drugs

正确答案：D 解析：本题是一道细节推导题，测试考生准确理解原文相关信息并且进行合理推导的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第四段的首句，其大意是：“如果没有适当的监控系统来识别早期病例、没有迅速达到治疗的方法，全球药物研究贮存本身也没有用。”从本句可以推断：迅速达到治疗的方法对全球药物贮存发挥其本身的作用有着重要的意义。故本题的正确选项是D“the efficiency of large supply of drugs”(药的效用)。考生在阅读时应善于抓住重点信息并根据原文进行引申推导和逆向思维。

34． According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made?

A．Publications of new research with respect to the supply of the interference from outside.

B．Construction of an adequate system of surveillance of early influenza cases. C．Availability of anti-viral drugs and any vaccine in underdeveloped nations. D．Contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment.

正确答案：D

解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文细节的准确理解和推导的能力6本题的答案信息来源在第五段的首句和第四段的尾句。第五段的首句讲：“达成这样的协定不大容易……”“这样的协定”(such agreements)指的是第四段尾句中的“prior agreements between different countries about quarantine and containment”(事先在国家之间签订的有关卫生检疫和控制的协议)。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是D“Contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment．”(国家间有关卫生检疫和控制的协议)。考生在审题定位时一定要重视题干中的核心词语在原文中的定位，例如本题题干中的“not readily”相当于原文中的“rarely easy”。

35． The best title for the text would be______.

A．The World Must Prepare for Pandemic Influenza

B．Similar Episodes of Initial Outbreak Are Always Evasive to Laymen

C．The Government Should Take Lead in the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza D．The World Health Organization Must Authorize the Relevant Rescue System as Is Discussed in the Text

正确答案：A

解析：这是一道中心主旨题，测试考生识别和理解全文中心主旨的能力。本题的答案信息来源是首段的尾句，该句是全文的中心主旨句，该句的大意是：“如果各国政府现在开始准备，医学的进步就提供了一次真正的机会，另外一次类似传染病能够被抑制的机会。”该句强调了条件状语从句：“if governments start preparing now”，由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A“The World Must Prepare for Pandemic Influenza”(全世界一定要为传染性的流感做好准备)。考生在阅读时要善于识别寻找全文的中心主旨句，并弄清它与全文其他段落的关系。

Companies have embarked on what looks like the beginnings of a re-run of the mergers and acquisitions (M&A) wave that defined the second bubbly half of the 1990s. That period, readers might recall, was characterized by a collective splurge that saw the creation of some of the most indebted companies in history, many of which later went bankrupt or were themselves broken up. Wild bidding for telecoms, internet and media assets, not to mention the madness that was Daimler’s $40 billion motoring takeover in 1998-1999 of Chrysler or the Time-Warner/AOL mega-merger in 2000, helped to give mergers a thoroughly bad name. A consensus emerged that M&A was a great way for investment banks to reap rich fees, and a sure way for ambitious managers to betray investors by trashing the value of their shares. Now M&A is back. Its return is a global phenomenon, but it is perhaps most striking in Europe, where so far this year there has been a stream of deals worth more than $600 billion in total, around 40% higher than in the same period of 2004. The latest effort came this week when France’s Saint-Gobain, a building-materials firm, unveiled the details of its ￡ 3.6 billion ($6.5 billion) hostile bid for BPB, a British rival. In the first half of the year, cross-border activity was up threefold over the same period last year. Even France Telecom, which was left almost bankrupt at the end of the last merger wave, recently bought Amena, a Spanish mobile operator. Shareholder’s approval of all these deals raises an interesting question for companies everywhere: are investors right to think that these mergers are more likely to succeed than earlier ones? There are two answers. The first is that past mergers may have been judged too harshly. The second is that the present rash of European deals does look more rational, but — and the caveat is crucial—only so far. The pattern may not hold. M&A’s poor reputation stems not only from the string of spectacular failures in the 1990s, but also from studies that showed value destruction for acquiring shareholders in 80% of deals. But more recent studies by economists have introduced a note of caution. Investors should look at the number of deals that succeed or fail (typically measured by the impact on the share price) , rather than (as you might think) weighing them by size. For example, no one doubts that the Daimler-Chrysler merger destroyed value. The

combined market value of the two firms is still below that of Daimler alone before the deal. This single deal accounted for half of all German M&A activity by value in 1998 and 1999, and probably dominated people’s thinking about mergers to the same degree. Throw in a few other such monsters and it is no wonder that broad studies have tended to find that mergers are a bad idea. The true picture is more complicated.

36． According to the text, a collective opinion on the mergers and acquisitions also concentrates on______.

A．economic recession B．value destruction C．potential hazards D．asset proposition

正确答案：B

解析：本题是一道细节题，测试考生准确识别和理解原文重要信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第一段的尾句，该句的大意是：“一种共识出现了，即，合并和收购是投资银行获取丰厚费用的绝佳方式，也是有野心的管理人员通过废弃股份价值出卖投资人的万全之法。”从此句可以推断大家的共识集中在“获取大量费用”和“废弃股份价值”这两方面，故本题的正确选项应该是B“value destruction”(价值破坏)。

37． “The pattern” in the third paragraph most probably denotes______. A．the striking necessity of European caveat

B．the complicated documents combined markets

C．the global phenomenon of the craze of wild bidding for media assets D．the seeming rationality of the latest cycle of European mergers

正确答案：D 解析：这是一道细节推导题。测试考生准确识别和理解原文相关信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在第三段的倒数第一、二句。第三段倒数第一句是本题题干核心词语在原文中出现的位置；第三段倒数第二句则是“the pattern”(形式)所指代的具体内容。第三段倒数第二句的大意是：“第二种答案是，目前欧洲合并和收购的大量涌现看起来的确更理性，但是只是就目前而言。”第三段尾句的大意是：“这种貌似理性的合并和收购的说法也许站不住脚。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是D“the seeming rationality of the latest cycle of European mergers”(最近欧洲的合并潮似乎理性)。考生在阅读时一定要注意原文中上下句之间的关系，以免造成误解。

38． The case of Daimler-Chrysler is employed in the text as______. A．an illustration of an evaluation criterion B．an explanation of a spectacular failure C．a discussion of a mobile operator D．a guarantee of a harsh judgement

正确答案：A

解析：这是一道细节题，测试考生识别和理解上下句之间关系的能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段，尤其是尾段的第三、四句，关键在于第三句，其大意是：“投资者不要只考虑合并和收购的规模，相反应该考虑合并和收购成功或失败的次数。”此句主要阐述投资者的权衡标准，故本题的正确选项应该是A“an illustration of an evaluation criterion”(举例说明评估的标准)。考生在阅读时要重视上下句之间的关系，以免造成答题时间的浪费。

39． The conclusion reached by general researches is that mergers are not______.

A．a valuable demonstration B．a wise plan

C．an invisible pitfall D．a worst depravity

正确答案：B 解析：本题是一道细节推导题，测试考生识别和正确理解原文关键信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段的倒数第二句，该句的大意是：“……难怪广泛的研究趋于认为，合并是一种坏想法。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B“a wise plan”(一个明智的计划)。考生在阅读时要注意审题定位的能力，以免浪费时间。

40． According to the text, the author would agree that______.

A．MSA’s poor reputation deserves a thorough analysis by telecoms and internet B．the typical note of caution is always overlooked in terms of controversial debate

C．the latest cycle of European mergers will not produce better results

D．the unveiling of hostile bid in Europe will help relieve enterprises of their financial dilemma

正确答案：C

解析：本题属于中心主旨题型，测试考生控制全篇、识别全文中心主旨的能力。本题答案的主要信息来源在第二段的第一、二句和第三段(尤其是第三段的倒数第一、二句)。第二段的第一、二句表明欧洲的合并和收购进行的规模最大。第三段倒数第一、二句对欧洲目前的合并和收购提出了否定。由此可以推断出本题的正确选项是C“the latest cycle of European mergers will not produce better results”(最近欧洲的合并潮不会产生较好的结果)。考生在阅读时一定要首先识别全文的中心主旨，以便控制全篇文章的整体构建和发展。

Part B (10 points)

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was

“ so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church — important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had atraditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope — all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “ Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches. Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “ Our main end was to catch fish.”

41．

正确答案：D

解析：根据题干的信息，可以把答案来源确定在首段第一、二句。第二句的核心含义是：“nowhere else in colonial America was‘so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits’(在殖民地美洲的任何其他地方都没有如此重视过知识追求)”。由此可以推断本题的正确答案是选项D。

42．

正确答案：E

解析：根据题干的信息，可以把答案确定在第二段的第一、二句。第二句的核心内容是“we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture(我

们会把最早的清教徒看作欧洲文化的载体)”。由此推断本题的正确答案是E。

43．

正确答案：G

解析：根据题干的信息，可以把答案确定在第三段。第三段尾句的核心内容是“These men wrote and published extensively，reaching both New World and Old World audiences，and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness(这些人大量地撰写并发表文章，影响新旧两个大陆的读者并且给新英格兰带来了一种诚挚的学术氛围)”。由此推断本题的正确答案是G。

44．

正确答案：A

解析：根据题干的信息，可以把答案确定在第四段的第三、四句。第三句的核心信息内容是“Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality(他们的想法通常含有传统迷信的特性)”。由此可以推断本题的正确答案是A。

45．

正确答案：C

解析：由于题干中的关键信息(early settlers早期定居者)未出现在尾段，故不得不把答案确定在本文的整体结构上。仅从最后三段的主题句就可以推断出答案。第3段的主题句内容是“The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England(马萨诸塞州海湾的早期定居者中包含在英国受过良好的教育并且颇有影响的人物)”；第4段的主题句内容是“most New Englanders were less well educated(大多数新英格兰人没有接受过多少教育)”；末段主题句的内容是“many settlers had slighter religious commitments(许多定居者并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰)”。由此可以归纳：新英格兰早期的定居者有着不同的教育和宗教背景。故可以断定本题的正确答案是C。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Karaoke is a very popular form of entertainment in Asia. Karaoke was first made popular by Daisuke Inoue in Kobe, Japan, in 1971. By the 1980s, there was a vast array of karaoke products on the market in Asia. The video game, Karaoke Revolution, was released in the year of 2003. In this game, players could receive a score based on their singing performance. Karaoke services then became available through mobile phones, and users could also play karaoke songs using software on their personal computers. Websites started popping up all over the Internet, creating a global karaoke community. On these sites, singers can record and even video themselves performing. Even some car manufacturers jumped on the karaoke bandwagon and had karaoke players installed as part of a car’s DVD player. There are

even VCDs available now for Chinese opera karaoke, so that the elderly can have fun singing songs of the past.

正确答案：卡拉OK是一种风靡亚洲的娱乐形式。第一台卡拉OK机是由日本神户的井上大佑于1971年发明的。到20世纪80年代，亚洲市场出现了大量的卡拉OK产品。2003年发行了名为《卡拉OK革命》的电子游戏。在这款游戏里，人们的唱歌表演会被打分。人们可以通过手机或电脑软件获得卡拉OK服务。网上开始出现各种网站，形成全球性的卡拉OK社区。在这些网站上，歌手可以录制甚至拍摄自己的表演。甚至有些汽车制造商也来赶卡拉OK的时髦，在车载DVD机里安装了卡拉OK。现在甚至连中国戏曲卡拉OK VCD都有，可满足老年人演唱老歌的需求。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． Suppose you won an English speaking contest and your friend, Mary, wrote an e-mail to congratulate you and ask for advice on English speaking. Write her a reply to 1) thank her, and 2) give your advice. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name.Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write your address.(10 points)

正确答案： A Letter of Thanks & AdviceDec.17,2016 Dear Mary, I am writing this letter to thank you for your congratulations on my winning an English speaking contest and offer my advice on English speaking to you. Your congratulations are as powerful as your encouragement given to me when I was struggling since I have realized from your congratulations that I am living in the ocean of care and love. My advice on English speaking to you is “ Practice makes perfect.” Besides, it is necessary to read more books about culture and history.

Once again I want to express my heartfelt thanks for your congratulations. Sincerely yours, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

正确答案： [1] The State Council’ s and National Bureau of Statistics’ data show that in 2010, there were over 178 million people in China aged over 60 (13.3% of China’ s total population). The organizations estimate that by 2020, there will be over 255 million elderly people in China (17.8% of China’ s total population). [2]

China has a huge number of senior citizens, who together are a heavy burden on the government. The case has touched on one of the most important issues facing a society going through rapid changes. There are still many gaps in the government’ s old-age pension and care system. The current system cannot meet the needs of the growing elderly population. The elderly care industry is not prepared for the coming aging society and can only provide services for a few. Building an elderly care system entirely dependent on government welfare is “unrealistic.” There are too many old people for the government to take care of. Under such circumstances, it is understandable that the elderly will see little other choice than depending on their children.