创作
㈠ 高考短文改错命题焦点：
短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题.短文改错的文章多采取记叙文，有时也用说明文.在100词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种： 1．该行错一个词，找出来并更正.
2．该行多一个词，找出来并去掉.
3．该行缺一个词，补上一词.
4．该行没错，不修改.
从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词1～2处；缺一词1～2处；正确1处；错一词5～6处.这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平.换句话说，这是一种比较全面的考查.我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句，句不离篇，要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法阐发能力的培养.平时打好这种根本，就为正确地解题准备了条件.
㈡ 短文改错解题技能：⒈快速阅读掌握大意.
短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍，了解其大意，这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系，对时态、人称等都心中有数.十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发明并纠正错误，首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语，注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主旨内容，注意整篇短文的中心内容，这样才加倍有效地完成改错.
⒉在改错进程中，
要结合上下文语境来不雅察，不要只盯住一行.依照上述的原则，对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查阐发并更正错误，应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误，有无语法修饰上的错误，有无习用法方面的错误.如果没有发明明显错误，则辨别查抄时态、人称，单单数，主谓一致等各项.
⒊查抄句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当.如有不当之处，看看是否联系关系词有问题.⒋整篇做完后，认真查抄一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否公道，时态人称等是否 一致.㈢ 短文改错罕有考点：⒈多一词：
抽象名词前多一冠词： 如：
Modern people know more about the health.（去掉the ）
专有名词前多一冠词： 如:
the England(去掉the ), the Hebei Province（去掉the ）, the Beijing Airport（去掉the ）
固定词组中名词前多一冠词： 如：
go to the school（去掉the ）, go to the prison（去掉the ）,at the work（去掉the ）, in the bed（去掉the ）, go to the hospital（去掉the ）, set a fire to sth （去掉a）., at the first（去掉the ）, the most of them（去掉the ）,at the noon（去掉the ）, make a rapid progress（去掉a ），a plenty of（去掉a ）
暗示交通东西的和by连用的名词前多一冠词： 如：
by the air（去掉the ）, by the bus（去掉the ）, by the ship（去掉the ）
暗示体育勾当的名词前； 如：
play the football（去掉the ）, play the basketball（去掉the ）
暗示节日（常含有Day）的名词前多一冠词： 如：
the National Day（去掉the ）, the May Day（去掉the ）
暗示“很是”意思的“most”前多一冠词： 如：
He is the most hardworking. （去掉the ）
某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词： 如：
A child as he is, he knows a lot. （去掉a ）
在暗示时间的“one/ this/ every + 名词”的时间状语前多一介词： 如：
on one day（去掉on ）, on that evening（去掉on ）, in every week（去掉in）
某些及物动词因混合词义而多一介词或副词； 如：
①raise up one’s hand（去掉up ）
②pick（摘）up apples（去掉up ）
③return back(回来) （去掉back）
④repeat again（去掉again）
⑤play with them in the match（去掉with ）
⑥marry with the man（去掉with ）
⑦serve for the people（去掉for ）
⑧enter into the room（去掉into）
⑨I learn English every day to improve it betterbetter ）.
暗示地点的副词前多一介词：
（去掉 如：
①go to there（去掉to ）
②drive to home（去掉to）
③return to home（去掉to ）
某些动词、连词、介词或副词前面多了一个介词： 如：
①because of his left leg was broken（去掉of）
②instead of he developed his love for the theatre（去掉of ）
③I looked at but could see nothing. （去掉at）
④join in the army（去掉in ）
状语从句和主句间多一并列连词： 如：
①Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. （去掉but ）
②As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday. （去掉so）
充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词： 如：
①Her husband died, and leaving her three children. （去掉and ）
②He sat under the tree and reading a magazine. （去掉and ）
作定语的分词前多一代词： 如：
①The child who reading a book is her brother. （去掉who）
②How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods. （去掉which ）
定语从句中多一代词： 如：
①The film that I saw it yesterday is good. （去掉it ）
②This is the very book that I am looking for it. （去掉it ）
③He is the man we talked about him. （去掉him ）
在“连词+ 分词”结构中多一代词： 如：
①While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground. （去掉waiting前的I ）
②If it heated, ice turns to water. （去掉it）
在某些固定结构中多了“to”， 如：
①I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you. （去掉第一个to）
②Why not to take a holiday for a good rest? （去掉to ）
③She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. （去掉to ）
④You had better not to go there. （去掉to ）
⑤I made them to do the cleaning. （去掉to ）⑥I had him to clean the room. （去掉to ）
⑦We noticed him to walk out of the garden. （去掉to ）
⑧I often hear her to sing the song. （去掉to ）
⒉缺一词：
表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词： 如：
A/The ∧horse is a useful animal.
单数可数名词前缺少暗示“一”的不定冠词， 如：
①There is a∧ library in every town in Britain.
②Good health is a∧ person’s most valuable possession.
特指名词前缺定冠词the , 如：
①Have you read the∧ books by Mark Twain?
②The book on the∧ desk is mine.
作状语的动词不定式缺 “to”， 如：
①David and I want to go off to∧ find help…
②…and other organizations are working to∧ improve health all over the world.
形容词最初级前缺定冠词the , 如：
one of the∧ earliest kinds of money
such或so与单数名词连用时不成缺少冠词， 如：
① This is such a∧ good book that I like it.
② He is so good a∧ student that all the teachers like him.
姓氏单数形式（暗示一家人或佳耦二人）前面缺一冠词，
如：
The∧ Turners are watching TV.
暗示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词， 如：
In the∧ 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.
暗示“一个名叫…的人”前缺一冠词， 如：
A∧ Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.
“形容词比较级+ of the two”前缺一冠词， 如：
He is the∧ taller of the two.
某些固定短语中缺一冠词， 如：
in the∧ end, go to the∧ cinema, in the∧ daytime, on the∧ right
抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，
如：
①The meeting held yesterday was a∧ success.
②It is a∧ famous Chinese tea.
③The experiment turned out to be a∧ failure.
作定语的不定式后缺少需要的介词， 如：
①He is looking for a room to live in∧.
②There is nothing to worry about∧.
③I need a pen to write with∧.
一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词， 如：
①He didn’t reply to∧ my letter.
②Are you sure about∧ it?
③Thousands and thousands of∧ people like watching TV.
④Dr Wang started to operate on∧ them at once.
⑤He grasped my hands and asked for∧ my name and address.
⑥Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for∧.
并列句缺并列连词， 如：
①He was tired and∧ it was getting dark.
②He asked me to go, so∧ I went.
③He is old, but∧ he is still strong.
名词性从句中缺少需要的连接词， 如：
①That∧ he will come is certain.
②It is uncertain whether∧ he can come or not.
③We all know the truth that∧ the earth goes round the sun.
④They expressed the hope that∧ they would come over to visit China again.
定语从句中缺少需要的关系代词， 如：
①The police have found the knife with which∧ the man killed his wife.
②The changes that/ which∧ have taken place are great.
③Is this the boy who∧ did the good deed?
缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that或those”， 如：
①The population is much larger than that∧ of Canada.
②The weather of Beijing is as good as that∧ of Shijiazhuang.
③The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those∧ made in Beijing.
“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch”等动词酿成主动语态时缺少“to”， 如：
①They were made to∧ work fourteen hours a day by the landlord.
②He was noticed to∧ cross the street.
为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to, 如：
①If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to∧.
②I wanted to go out, but my mother told me not to∧.
③Don’t leave the room unless I tell you to∧.
⒊错一词：
名词的单单数错误， 如：
①Different
people
speak
different
language.
(language →languages)
②We have been to Europe many time.( time→times)
③His word were a great encouragement to me. (word→words)
④There are branch library in many villages.
(library→libraries)
动词时态、语态的错误， 如：
①Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurry →hurried)
②Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.( is →was)
③Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost→costs)
形容词、副词混用错误（修饰行动动词、形容词、过来分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动词、名词应用形容词）
及其他词性错误， 如：
①I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully →wonderful)
②A player’s native language is not importance. (importance→important)
③Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( important→importance)
④Unfortunate,
there
are
too
many
people…(Unfortunate→Unfortunately)
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误， 如：
①The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves →itself)
②The Blacks did his best to make me feel at home. ( his→their)
非谓语动词使用错误，
如：
①I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. ( watch →watching 动名词短语作主语)
②I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk. (enjoy→enjoying, 与seeing 是平行结构)
③He always went there to have his hair cut and wash. (wash→washed,与cut是 平行结构，采取的是have sth done结构)
同义词、近义词、形似词错误， 如：
across与through, among 与between, except与 besides, like与 as, ago 与before, accept 与receive, living 与alive, let与 allow, lonely与 alone, too 与either, cost 、spend 、pay与 take, hard与 hardly, worth与 worthy, raise与 rise, likely与 possible, near 与nearly, lend 与borrow, job 与work, deep 与deeply, answer 与reply, high与 highly, sit 与seat, wide 与widely, try与 manage, neither 与either, so 与such, every day 与everyday, all与 both, every 与each, find 与found（成立）,
lie（躺）、lie（撒谎）与 lay（放置、生产）, hang（挂）与 hang（绞死）sound与voice, place与room, forget与leave, hope 与wish, call on与call at
如：
①I raised my sound so that I could be heard. (sound→voice, voice暗示人的嗓音)
②There isn’t any place for me in the bus. (place→room, room为不成数名词暗示“空间”)
③I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.
(forgot→left, leave暗示“剩留，把某物忘在某地”)
④I hope you to come earlier next time.
(hope→wish, hope前面不克不及跟“宾语+动词不定式”的复合结构)
⑤He madesuch much progress that he was praised by the teacher.
(such→so, 当many/ much/few/little 暗示“多或少”的寄义时，前面经常使用so)
⑥I received an invitation but I didn’t receive it. (receive→accept, accept 暗示“主不雅接受”)
⑦You should rise your hand before asking the question. (rise→raise, rise是不及物动词，raise是及物动词)
关系词用错， 如：
①I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (when→that,先行词在定语从句中作宾语)
②I’ll never forget the day that I went abroad myself. (that→when, 先行词在定语从句中作时间状语)
③The tool with that he is working is called a saw. (that→which, 介词前面的关系代词不克不及用that )
④If he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me. (If→Whether, if 不克不及引导主语从句)
⑤ The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and
oxygen is undeniable.
(which→that, that 引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分)
连词使用错误， 如：
if与unless, because与for, when与while
①We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. ( and→but)
②If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry. (If→Unless)
③He was walking by the seawhile he heard a voice for help. (while→when, 此时，when不译作“当…的时候”，而暗示“正在…时，这时另一件事产生了”.)
感慨词用错：what和how
其他情况：介词使用错误，情态动词使用错误，冠词使
用错误等.
㈣ 短文改错典型习题：Ⅰ
This is a extraordinary animal in every way. He is not 1._________
a fish, as people might think, but a mammal.
2._________
Off all the animals this brain comes closest to the 3._________
human brain in all shape and size. He is able to 4._________
send out and imitate(模仿)sounds, so some scientist 5._________
declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The 6._________
dolphin(海豚)is the only animal which is fond of man’s 7._________
company. There are a great deal old stories of a dolphin 8._________
saving human beings or guide ships away from dangerous 9._________
sand banks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives
10.________
pleasure to seamen during their off-duty hours by jumping and racing about in the water.
答案与详解： 1. a→an
在以元音开头的单词前应用不定冠词an.
2.正确.
3. off→of
由…comes closest…可知这里副词close的最初级.短语of all…经常使用在最初级中暗示规模.句中意为“在所有的动物中…与…最接近”.副词off不克不及表达此意.
4. all→both
连词词组both…and…用于连接两个对等的成分，即shape和size. “in both shape and size”意为：在形状与大小两个方面，故all应改成both.
5.scientist→scientists
some前面的可数名词应加s组成单数形式.
6.them→him
由文中He is …和The dolphin is…可判断，此处用第三人称单数的宾格形式，即him.
7.which→that
注意animal前的修饰词only. 定语从句中，如先行词前有only修饰，其关系代词用that.
8.deal→many
句中stories为一可数名词，应由a great many来修饰.短语a great deal of通经常使用来修饰不成数名词.
9.guide→guiding
连词or经常使用来连接两个相等的成分，前者是saving，因此guide须改成guiding.or常译作“或”、“仍是”.
10. at→of
按照句意，应改at为of.of many gifts在句中作定语，修饰a creature, 意为“具有天赋的动物”.介词at不克不及表达此意.
Ⅱ
What did we use to do after there was television? 1.________
We used to have hobbies, and going outside for our 2.________
amusements. We even used to read book and listen to 3._______
music and broadcast talks occasionally. All which 4._______
belongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled 5._______
by the “box”. We rush home or gulp(吞)down 6._______
our meals to be in time for this and that programme. 7._______
We have even given up sit at table and having a leisurely(从容地) 8._______
evening meal, exchanging a news of the day.
9._______
If any member of the family dare to open
10._______
his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.
答案与详解：
1.after→before
按照上下文可判断，此句的意思为：在没有电视之前我们干些什么呢？
2.going→go
and 连结语法作用相同的单词、短语或句子，前面have是动词原形，前面go也要用动词原形.
3.book→books
book是可数名词，此处泛指我们过来有时也读书.应用作单数形式.
4.which→that
that是指示代词，它一般用在all, the only, the same, no或形容词 的最初级前面.
5.are→is time作“时间”讲时是一个不成数名词.
6.正确.
7.and→or
or此句意为“我们囫囵吞下我们的饭，为的是实时去不雅看这个或那个节目”.此处为选择的意思，不是并列关系.
8.sit→sitting
动词短语give up 后应跟名词或名词性的短语，故应用sit的动名词形式.
9.a→the
news是一个不成数名词，故不成用a修饰.此处指相互互换当天的情况，所以用定冠词.
10.dare→dares 此处dare实意动词，它的主语为单数. Ⅲ
By midday the sun was such strong that Jim could 1._________
not go any further. There were no tree near the path, 2._________
so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drink 3._________
the rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled them 4._________
into a pillow. Then he lied down and went to sleep. 5._________
It was late in the afternoon when he awoke. He was 6._________
about to sit up when he felt something move near his feet. 7.________
He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across his 8.________
legs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. The 9.________
snake moved across his legs, then crawled and disappear under the rock. 10._______
答案与详解：
1.such→so
so + 形容词/副词 + that-clause, such + a(an) + 名词+that-clause
2.tree→trees
主语谓语在数上应一致.no trees相当于not any trees.
3.drink→drinking
drinking 为动名词，其后的the rest of his water为drink的宾语.
4.them→it 此处应用代词it 代替his shirt.
5.lied→lay
此处为动词形式误用，应特别注意形近词.如：lie(躺)-lay-lain, lying; lay(放、产卵) –laid- laid -laying; lie(撒谎) -lied –lied- lying.
6.正确.
7.move→moving
moving为现在分词做宾补，强调“感到到有什么东西正在动”.
8.up→down
此处为逻辑错误，句意为：低头看脚下之物.
9.去掉not
too…to…意为：太…而不克不及….注意英语习用法不成受汉语影响.
10.disappear→disappeared
此句中moved, crawled和disappeared为三个并列谓语，故用过来式. Ⅳ
John jumped into the river to save a drowning man with no thought for his own safety.
When I reached them, John was very tired. He 1.________
was so tired that all of them might have
2._______
drowned if I didn’t come with the boat.
3._______
Together, we got the man to shore, holding on to
the boat with one hand and swam with
4.________
another. The man looked dead, but his heart
5.________
was beating. John did all what he could
6.________
save the man while I ran to the nearest house 7.________
to call a doctor. At the time the doctor came, 8.________
the man was able to sit up, as he looked very 9._______
sick. The doctor brought him to the hospital, and 10.______
when we called up last night to ask about him, they told us he would be well in a day or two.
答案与详解： 1.正确.
2.all→both
them包含John和溺水的人两名.由于both用于两人和物，而all用于三者以上的人或物.
3.didn’t→hadn’t
由于是与过来事实相反虚拟语气，因此变didn’t 为
hadn’t.
4.swam→swimming
and连接的应是同等成分.由于and前是分词短语，后swam变成swimming.
5.another→the other
因为前面是one hand,因此“另一只手”应用the other. one…the other用于规模为两者时，one…another用于规模为三者以上.
6.去掉all或去掉what what= all that
7.在save前加to 动词不定式做目的状语.
8.At→By
By the time“到…的时候”.At the time of “在…的时候”.
9.as→but 前后句子为转折关系.
10.brought→took bring意为“带来”，take意为“带去”. Ⅴ
If you take care notice in some places, you will 1.________
see the fact most smokers are young people and even 2._________
some are middle school students. It is said that 3._________
in China the number of the people smoked is about 4._________
45 percent. Why is so many people smoke? Some 5._________
think that smoking is pleasure, some believe that 6.________
they can refresh himself by smoking. In fact,
7._________
smoking is a bad habit, that does great harm to 8._________
people’s healthy. The study of smoking suggests that
9.________
many kinds of diseases have nothing to do with smoking. 10._______
答案与详解：
1.去掉care
take notice“注意、留神”，相当于pay attention;而take care of “留心、照料”,相当于look after.
2.在fact后加that
that 在这里引导一同位语从句，作the fact的同位语.
3.正确
4.smoked→smoking
the people是smoke动作的执行者，故应用现在分词做定语.
5.is→do
6.在is后加a
pleasure作“愉快、快乐、享受、乐意”讲时是不成数名词，
作“使人愉快的事情、乐趣”讲时是可数名词，这里指：有些人认为吸烟是人生之一大乐趣.
7.himself→themselves 此句的主语是they.
8.that→which which在此引导非限制性定语从句.
9.healthy→health
do harm to one’s health“对某人的安康有害”，health为名词，heathy为形容词.
10.nothing→something
have nothing to do with“与…无关”，have something to do with“与…有关”，按照语境此处应暗示“与…有关”.
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