英语常见词根词缀表

第一部分：英语常见词根词缀表

使用说明：下表中黑体字部分为词根和前后缀及其变体；两斜杠之间的斜体字为词根词缀的 含义；其后是例词。变体和原体的含义相同，只是由于元音或辅音的发音关系， 原体发生了变化，产生了变体而已。

例如：在“a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, anemia”

例条中， a- 和 an- 为前缀，其中 an- 为 a- 的变体；/ without, lacking, not / 为该前缀的含义；而 asymmetric, apolitical 和 anemia 为例词。

前缀: a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, asexual, anemia, anarchy

ab-, a-, abs- / from, away from / abduct, abjure, abdication, avert, abstain

ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- / to, forward / admit, adjure, accord, affliction, aggregation, annexation, apparition, arraignment, assumption, attendance

ambi- / both / ambidextrous, ambivalent

amphi- / round, about / amphitheater, amphigens / up; up through, back / anatomy, analysis, anachronism

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an-, ana-

ante-, anti- / before / antecedent, antebellum, anticipate

anti- / counter, against / antibiotic, antibody, antisocial, antifascist

apo- / away, from / apostasy, apostle

ar-, arch- /chief, principal / archangel, archenemy, architect

belittle, befriend, betake, bespeak

be- / to make, to take from / belli- / war / belligerent, rebellious, bellicose

ben-, bon- / good, well / benefit, benediction, benign, bonus bi- / two / by- byname

bicycle, bilateral, bisect, bipolar, bivalence biblio- / book / bibliography, bibliophile, Bible

/ aside or apart from the common, secondary / by-product, bypass,

cat- / downwards, under, against / catacomb, catechise, catastrophe

circu-, circum- / around / circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumspection, circuit

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com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- / together, with / combine, compassion, contract, concentric,

collaborate, correspond, cooperation

contra- / against / contradiction, contraband, contrast

de- / down from, away / decapitate, dehydrate, dehumanize, degrade

demi- / a half or a part of / demi-god, demilune, demiwolf

di-, dia- / through, across / diode, diameter, dialog, dialectics

dif-, dis- / not, the opposite, apart / different, diffuse, disagree, divert, dispel

dys- / badly, with difficulty, hard / dyscrasia, dyslexia, dyspepsia

e- / out / emigrant, egress, emit, elope, ejaculate, eject

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ec-, ef-, ex- / an outcome of / effect, effulgence, ecstasy, eccentric, expire

em-, en- / to make / employ, embrace, enable, enrich

em-, en- / in, on, into / encage, enclose, embalm, emphasis, energy

epi- / on, outer, over / epidermis, epicenter, epitaph

equi- / equal / equilateral, equilibrium, equivalent

ex-, exo-, extra- / from, out of, without / extraordinary

export, exodus, exotic, ex-officio,

eu- / beautiful, good / eulogize, eugenics, euphemism

for- / not, against, away / forget, forbid, forgo, forfend

fore- / before, in front of / forehead, foretell, forefather

hemi- / a half / hemisphere, hemistich, hemicrania

hetero- / denoting dissimilarity / heterogeneous, heterodox, heterarchy homo-

/ denoting similarity / homogeneous, homonym, homosexual hydro-/ water / hydraulics, hydrometer, hydropathy

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hyper- / over, beyond, excessive / hypertension, hypercritical, hypersensitive

hypo- / under, beneath, down / hypothesis, hypothermia, hypocrisy

im-, in-, il-, ir- illustration, irrigation

/ in, into, on / imbibe, import, income, input,

im-, in-, il-, ir- / not / impossible, immature, inconsiderate, ineffectual, illegal, irresponsible

infra- / under, beneath / infrared, infra-structure, infra-costal

inter- / between / international, interpersonal, interaction, Internet

intra-, intro- introspection

/ within / intramural, intravenous, Intranet, introduction,

iso- / equality or similarity / isocheimal, isochomatic kilo- /a thousand/ kilogram, kilowatt, kilometer magna- /big, great/ magnanimous,

magnitude, magnum

macro- / big / macrocomputer, macrocontrol, macroeconomy

mal- / bad, wrong /

malnutrition, maltreatment, malapropism mega- / 5

of

great size / megaphone, megaton, megalopolis, megavolt meta- / beyond, /transcending / metaphor, metaphysics, meta-memory micro- microcomputer, microcontrol, microeconomy

/small milli- /a thousand/ millennium, millimeter, millisecond

mis- / bad, wrong / mistake, misspelling, mispronounce, mislead

mono- / one, alone / monotony, monogamy, monochrome multi-

multiple choice, multilateral, multimedia neo-

/ neo-

many / / new / Confucianism, neolithic, neology, neodoxy neu- / non-partial / neutral, neutron

neuro- / nerve / neurology, neurotic, neurasthemia

non- / not, reversing the sense / nonalignment, nonsmoker, nonsense

ob-, oc-, of-, o-, op- occasion, offend, omit, oppose

/ in the way of, against / object, obsolete,

omni- / all / omnivorous, omnibus, omniscient

out- / beyond, exceeding / outbid, outbreak

over- / beyond, excessive / overwork, overawe, overcoat

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paleo- / old, anscient / paleoanthropology, paleobiology, paleolithic

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pan-, panta- / all, everything / pan-America, pantomime, pandemonium

para- / alike, comparison, unlike / paraphrase, paradox, parody

peri- / around / peripheral, periscope, perimeter poly- / many / polytechnic, polymer, polyglot post- / after / postgraduate,

posthumous, postwar

pre- / before / prewar, prepare, preposition, preschool

pro-, por-, pur- / forward, forth / progress, proceed, portend, pursue

pseud- pseudonym

/ false or spurious / pseudo-science, pseudo-membrane,

re-, retro- / back, again / regression, review, retrospect, retrogressive

se- / aside, separating / secede, seduce, sedition, separate

semi- (hemi-) / half, partly / semiconductor, semifinal, semicircle, hemisphere

sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus-, / under / submit, submarine, succeed, suffix, suggest, support

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sustain, subsonic

super- / above, greater, better / supersonic, supermarket, superpower, superiority

syn-, sym- / with, together / sympathy, symmetry, synchronic, synonym

trans- / across / transport, transplant, translation, transcontinental

tri- / three / tricycle, triple, triangle

ultrasonic, ultraviolet

ultra- / beyond, excessive, extreme / un- / not / undecided, unimportant

/ beneath, lower in rank ordegree / underdog, underfeed,

under- undercoat

uni- / one / unite, unification, uniform / upwards / uproot, upcast, upstart

withdraw, withstand

up-

with- / opposition, privation / 后缀:

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-able, -ible / adj. capable of, fit for / eatable, workable, considerable, sizable

-ac /adj. like, pertaining to / cardiac, maniac

-age, -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency /n. signifying the state of being / coinage, acceptance, existence, constancy, consistency

-ate / v. to make / activate, motivate, originate

-cle, -cule / adj. orn. small, little / particle, sickle, animalcule, miniscule

-dom / n. signifying dominion, office / kingdom, officialdom

-er, -or, -eer / n. one who / worker, writer, professor, engineer

-fy / v. to make / beautify, purify, simplify

-ic, -ical / adj. relating to, having the nature of / historic, economic, biblical, mechanical

-ics /n. study / economics, physics, linguistics

-il, -ile /adj. having the property of / civil, juvenile, puerile, ductile

-ism / n. action or practice, theory or doctrine /

mechanism,

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imperialism,

dogmatism

-ist / n. one who / physicist, communist, cyclist

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-ity feasibility

/ n. condition, quality / activity, flexibility, identity, probability,

-ize / v. to make / modernize, revolutionize, popularize, realize

-logy / n. study, work / geology, psychology, metallurgy

-ment, -mony harmony, hegemony

/ n. the state of being / experiment, movement,

-ness / n. condition, quality, state of being / carelessness, sadness, illness

-oid / n. like, resembling / asteroid, mongoloid, anthropoid

-ous, -ious, -ose /adj. having the quality of / industrious, dangerous, bellicose

-ship / n. the state or quality of / sportsmanship, partnership, friendship

-tion, -ation, -sion /n. condition, the act of /information, extroversion

reflection,

-tude, -ty / n. signifying the property / attitude, altitude, radioactivity, tenacity

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-ward(s) upward

/ signifying direction / eastward, homeward,

(常见的拉丁或希腊语词尾): -us cactus, alumnus, impetus

(original plural form: “i”, alumni) -a alumna, vita, formula (original plural form: “i”, alumni, or “ae”, formulae) -um datum, curriculum

(original plural form: “a”, data, curricula) anoxia,

anemia,

dyslexia,

tuberculosis,

-ia, -sis, -tis (medical terms) hepatitis, meningitis

词根: -acr- / sharp / acrimonious, acerbity, acidulate

-act-, -ag- / to do / action, reaction, agent,

-aev- / age, era / primeval, coeval, medieval

-agog-

/ leader / demagogue, pedagogue

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-agri-, -agrari- / field / agriculture, agrarian, peregrination

-ali- / another / alias, aliens, inalienable

-ann-, -en- / year / annual, anniversary, centennial, biennial

-anim- / spirit / unanimous, magnanimous, animation

-anthrop- / human / anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist

-aqua- / water / aquatic sports, aquarium, aquanaut

-arch- / government, chief, leader / monarchy, anarchy, archbishop

-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- / star / asteroid, astronomy, constellation

-audi- / hear / auditor, auditorium, audio-visual lab

-auto- / self / autobiography, automation, automobile, autism

-belli- / fight, war / bellicose, belligerent, rebellion

-bio- / life / biology, biography, biochemical, antibiotics

-bon-, -ben- / good / bonus, debonair, benefit, benign, benediction

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-brev- / short / brief, abbreviate, brevity

-cad-, -cas- / to fall / cadence, decadent, accident

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-cap-, -capt-, -cep- / to take / capture, precept, participate

-cap-, -capit- / head, chief / capital, captain, decapitation, per capita income

-carn- / flesh, body / carnivore, incarnation

-ced-, -cess- / go, move, yield / precede, recede, succeed, antecedent, secede, process

-cent- / one hundred / centipede

century, centennial, percentage, centigrade,

-centr- / center / central, concentric, centrifugal, concentrate

-chrom- / color / monochrome, trichromatic chromosome

-chron- / time / chronology, anachronism, synchronic, chronicle

-cid-, cis- / cut / incision, homicide, precision

-cit- / call / excite, incite, recite

-civi- / citizen / civil, civilian, civilization

-clam-

/ to cry out / clamorous, acclamation, exclaim

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-claud-, -claus-, -clos-, -clud- / to close / claustrophobia, enclose, conclude

-cogno- / knowledge, knowing / cognition, recognition, incognito, acognostic

-comp- / to fill / complete, complement, comply

-cord- / heart / accord, cordial, discord

-corp- / body / corpse, corps, incorporation, corporeal

-cred- / to believe / credence, incredulous, incredible

-cur- / to care / curator, sinecure, to cure

-curr-, -curs- / course, to run / excursion, current, precursor, curriculum

-cycle- / cycle / bicycle, tricycle, recycle

-dat- / to give / data, mandate, date

-demo- / people / demography, democracy, demagogue, epidemic

-deb- / to owe / debt, indebtedness, debenture

-derm-

/ skin / epidermis, pachyderm, dermatology

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-di-, -diurn- / daytime / diary, diurnal, journal

-dic- / say, speak / dictation, dictionary, dictator, contradiction

-doc- / to teach / docile, doctrine, document, doctor

-domin- / to rule / dominate, domain, indomitable

-duc- / lead / aqueduct, conductor, education, viaduct

-dynam- / power, strength / dynamite, dynamo, dynamics

egocentric, egotism

-ego- / self / -erg- / to work / energy, ergatocracy, metallurgy

-err- / to wander, to deviate / error, erratic, errand

-fact-, -fe ct- / make, do / factory, manufacture, effect, affect

-fall-, -fals- / to deceive / fallacy, infallible, falsification

-fer- / to bring, to bear / ferry, transfer, coniferous, refer

-flect- / bend / inflexible, reflect

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-gam- / marriage / monogamy, bigamy, polygamy

-gen- / produce, birth / gene, generator, eugenic, generation

-geo- / earth / geology, geothermal, geometric

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