做阅读理解的方法
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-23 09:46
共4个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-05-06 03:59
语文阅读理解的技巧？》百度网盘最新全集下载
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1caXTSbiPNTe37DygiUDK4A
认真通读所有题目，理解题意，明确题目的要求。解答，要带着问题，仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考、组织答案。检查，看回答是否切题，内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确。
热心网友
时间：2022-05-06 05:17
1．通读文章，了解主要内容，揣摩中心思想。
2．认真通读所有题目，理解题意，明确题目的要求。
3．逐条解答，要带着问题，仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考、组织答案。
4．检查，看回答是否切题，内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确。
热心网友
时间：2022-05-06 06:51
怎样做阅读理解测试题
（一）阅读理解题解题方法和题型
1．阅读理解题解题方法。
一般分为两种：第一种是先读短文再答题：另一种是先看问题，后读短文。不过，前一种方法费时，后一种方法省时。但是正确地使用哪一种方法是因人而异的。
2．阅读理解题题型。
阅读理解题一般分为客观问题和主观问题两种题型。客观问题也称为客观信息题，指客观事实，其类型大都是用When/Who/Why/What/Which等Wh及How的方式出题。
像这类客观的问题有时不必细读原文也能找到答案。所以，阅读时应对原文的数字、事实、物体以及部分与整体的关系、时间关系、地点关系、并列和从属关系等给予注意。主观问题也称之为主观信息题，主观的问题通常不是单从原文就能找到答案，必须经过对作者的意图、态度以及对整篇文章进行深层的推断和判断才能回答。比如：找出文章的命名，找出文章的主旨含义，找出结论，找出目的，找出暗指和意味，找出推测，以及对作者本人作出判断等。应该注意的是一定要以原文所提供的事实、逻辑关系为思维活动的基准点，以适应作者的思维模式为准绳。
（二）阅读理解题解题技巧
根据阅读理解题的要求，我们可以把阅读理解归纳为四种基本的阅读理解技巧：
1．理解主题或中心思想(Understanding the main idea)；
2．理解文章的细节(Understanding details)；
3．猜测词义(Guessing at word meaning)；
4．作出判断(Making a judgement or an inference)。
在阅读理解中，主题型试题和细节型试题是最常见的两种题。主题与细节是相辅相成的两个方面。读懂细节，有助于把握主题；抓住主题，则能更好地理解细节的含义。
1．理解主题。
理解中心思想首先要找出主题句(Topic Sentence)。文章的主题句的表现，通常有五种形式：
（1）主题句在段首。作者一开头就提出主题句，然后用细节解释、支持或发展主题句表达的主题思想。
（2）主题句在段尾。作者采用了表述细节的句子在前，概括性句子在后的形式，归纳要点、结论或结果，以概括主题。
（3）主题句在段中。当主题句在段中，开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。为了阐明主题思想，在主题句后，仍有一些句子陈述细节。其层次为：引题--主题--解释（细节）。
（4）主题句在段首和段尾。作者采用前后呼应，两次点题的写作手法。值得注意的是表达同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽相同，而且在内容上，后者也不是前者的简单重复。
（5）主题句暗含在段中。不是所有段落都有主题句。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳，形成主题。
阅读下列文章，看看主题句在文章中所处的位置及其变化。
Ex Ⅰ. Please try to underline the topic sentence (s) in each similar paragraph with a pencil, and check your answer with your neighbor and then listen to the teacher's explanation.
1)(1) Life in 1999 will be much different from what it is today. (2)For one thing, you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. (3) Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you. (4)Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. (5) Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture telephone. (6) Finally you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.
2) (1) In the year 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning . (2) Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you . (3) Also you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk . (4) Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture telephone . (5) Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper . (6) Now you see how your life at the end of the century will be different from your life today .
3) (1) In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning . (2) This is just one of the many ways that will make life at the end of the century different from what it is today . (3) Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you . (4) Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk . (5) Furthermore, you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone . (6) Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.
4) (1) Life in 1999 will be much different from what it is today . (2) For one thing , you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning . (3) Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you . (4) Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk . (5) Furthermore, you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone . (6) Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper . (7) Certainly all of us can look forward to many new advantages at the end of the century.
5) (1) In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning . (2) Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you . (3) Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk . (4) Furthermore, you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone . (5) Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.
2．理解文章的细节。
一篇文章有了涉及中心内容的主题句，确定了要表达的中心思想，还须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释、表达或举例来体现中心思想。弄懂细节，对理解全文的作用是不可忽视的。同时也是归纳中心思想的基础。
理解细节的题型在阅读理解部分的题目中占一定的比重。解题时，要迅速找到细节所在部分，读懂细节，才能回答问题。大部分情况下细节可在文章所涉及的内容中找出。因此，做这类题目时，可采用比较实用的方法做题--有目的阅读(reading with purpose)。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，然后迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真理解，选出答案。这样一来，既提高阅读的速度，又确保答*率高。同时，我们还建议，阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用横线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子(supporting sentence)。这样我们在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。
Ex. Ⅱ. Underline the supporting sentence to each question and number it.
The national weather map shows a high pressure area along the eastern coastline which brought them very pleasant, sunny weather from New York to Florida. But the showers and thunderstorms are happening from Ohio River all the way south to the Gulf coast leaving heavy amounts of rain over the southern states.
By far the worst of the storm has taken place in and around Texas. Some Texas stations have reported up to fifteen inches of rain in a twenty four-hour period with high winds and thunderstorms. Two tornadoes (龙卷风) were reported along the Gulf coast of Texas, but we have no information of damages or injury.
Heavy amount of snow were reported in the Rocky region with record cold temperatures in Denver and Boulders. As much as a foot of snow has fallen in some of the mountain stations.
In contrast, temperature in Arizona and the desert Southwest went over the one-hundred-degree Fahrenheit mark again today under bright, sunny skies.
Choose the best answer
1．We could best describe the weather for the southern states as ________.
[ ]
A．sunny
B．pleasant
C．rainy
D．snowy
2．The amount of rain that was reported in Texas is ________.
[ ]
A．two inches
B．fifteen inches
C．twenty-four inches
D．one foot
3．Tornadoes were reported ________.
[ ]
A．along the Gulf coast
B．near Denver
C．in Florida
D．In the desert southwest
4．In which state were temperatures over one hundred degrees?
[ ]
A．Florida.
B．Arizona.
C．Texas.
D．Boulder.
5．The weather in Rocky Mountain was ________.
[ ]
A．hot
B．warm
C．cool
D．cold
3．猜测词义。
在阅读中难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但降低阅读的速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。因此影响人们阅读理解的首先是词汇。学习并掌握一些猜词义的方法，对提高阅读理解的能力有很大的帮助。主要的方法可根据上下文的同义词、反义词或定义等线索猜词义，这样有助于我们读懂一些不熟悉的词。例如：
Ex Ⅲ. Fill in each of the blanks below with a word or an expression you think is right; either in English or in Chinese.
（1）同义词猜义(Synonym Context Clues)。
【例1】The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.
句中划线的penalize是生词。根据所提供的关键短语for unnecessary roughness，我们可知道penalize是动词与________的意思是同义的。
【例2】He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.
句中hasty是生词。根据上文所提供的信息所知，hasty 是形容词，与________同义。
【例3】The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady.
句中eccentric是生词。根据句中所提供的信息，我们知eccentric是形容词，与________是同义。
（2）反义词猜义(Antonym Context Clues)。
【例1】Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely.
句中Unlike是关键词。它提示John与他的兄弟情况相反。由此可知handsome与homely是反义词。故homely是________的意思。
【例2】He had been getting better but ring the night his condition deteriorated.
句中But是关键词，它提示deteriorated与getting better 相反，因此deteriorated的意思应是________。
（3）定义猜词(Definition Context Clues)。
【例1】Jim just hummed the tune of the song; he didn't sing the words.
从下文的解释"他没有唱歌词"可以猜出hum是________的意思。
【例2】Mark Twain was not the author's real name; it was a pseudonym.
句中的pseudonym是生词。从句中前面的定义"马克?吐温不是作者真实的名字"去猜想，结合我们的常识，作者一般会用笔名。因此，pseudonym是________的意思。
【例3】Eileen is one of those who sing in church; she is part of the choir.
句中的定语从句所提供的定义可知choir的词义是（在教堂里领众人唱诗的）________。
4．作出判断。
在阅读过程中，常常要作出判断。正确的判断是进一步理解文章内容与深层含义的关键。所谓判断，就是以文章所提供的事实为依据，经过分析思考所形成的观点。进行判断时，要尽量考虑文章中的全部信息或事实，并且要真正理解他们，正确地评价他们，然后作出合理的判断。
Ex Ⅳ. Read the passage and then choose the best answer to each question below:
"I would almost rather see you dead," Robert S. Cassatt, a leading banker of Philadelphia shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist. In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not. And when the young lady's father ranked among (跻身于) the best of Philadelphia's social families (社交界) , such an idea could not even be considered.
That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist. She did not tremble before her father's anger. Instead, she opposed him with courage and at last made him change his mind. Mary Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady. In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance, she became America's most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading painter of the time.
1．How did Mr. Cassatt react when his daughter made her announcement?
[ ]
A．He feared for her life.
B．He was very angry.
C．He nearly killed her.
D．He warned her.
2．What made Mary Cassat's "struggle" become a recognized artist especially hard?
[ ]
A．She was a woman.
B．Her father opposed her.
C．She had social position.
D．She did not come from an artist's family.
3．What do we know about Robert Cassatt's character from the text?
[ ]
A．He was a cruel man.
B．He was stubborn (固执的) .
C．He knew nothing about art.
D．He knew little about his daughter.
4．What do we know about Mary Cassatt's character?
[ ]
A．She was brave in going against old ideas.
B．She got tired of always obeying her father.
C．She liked playing at drawing and painting.
D．She did not mind poor at all.
5．As we can learn from the text, which of the following was generally considered the most important in the life of a woman in the U. S. in Mary Cassatt's time?
[ ]
A．Money.
B．Career.
C．Marriage.
D．Courage.
除了上述的四种基本的阅读理解技巧外，还有些题目是要求考生理解文章的深层含意，包括理解作者的态度和意图等，是阅读理解中难度最大的题。作者的观点、态度和意图往往在文章中没有明示，而是通过事实细节、人物的语言、性格、爱好，甚至通过某个句子来暗示这种观点、态度和意图。要答好这种题，必须理解文章的事实细节，按照不同的文化背景、风俗习惯和特定的环境进行分析、推断，切不可以个人自己的观点代替作者的观点。
阅读理解的命题可分为：
1．事实理解(Plain facts)；
2．中心思想(Main ideas)；
3．推测判断(Inference)；
4．语气心绪(Tones and moods)；
5．时空顺序(Sequence)；
6．图示与图表(Maps and Charts)；
7．评价判断(Evaluation)。
以上是中学生在阅读理解中应掌握的最基本的技巧。我们应该在平时的训练中注意运用这些基本技巧。同时也应该广泛阅读各种题材的文章，包括新闻报道、人物介绍、科技报道等文章，以便扩大我们的视野，提高我们的阅读理解能力。
（三）阅读理解题解题步骤
1．先审核标题。
标题是主题的高度凝聚，它能给予考生启示和想像。这样有利于对短文的理解，能提高做题的效率。
2．快速通读全文，掌握文章全貌。
要边看边思索，边用铅笔做些圈划工作。这样一遍读完。整个文章的脉络就清楚了。
3．快速浏览短文的思考题。
凭记忆勾出一些表层题的答案，这样大致是不会出错的。对那些深层题，如果一时不能下结论的话，可先圈出自认为是正确的一至两个答案，并做上记号，留到下一步去解决，此乃存疑。
4．带着未解决的问题重读短文。
这次应有所选择地去读，从中找出答案，以达到解决上述遗留的疑点的目的。也就是说，不是从头到尾逐字逐句重读一遍，而是应注意初读时所疏忽之处，以解决初读时的误解，达到解疑之目的。总之，此时是带着疑问查证，寻求解决问题的阅读方式。
5．细对答案。
答完题之后，再次跳读文章，核实所有答案。与问题关系不大的细节可一带而过，但对有关的句子，就应像工兵挖地雷一样，细看一遍，务必将每道题落实，力求准确无误。
热心网友
时间：2022-05-06 08:43
...没听说过口诀
不过老师会说，做题之前看题目，带问题去读文章，但是我每次都是先读文章，感觉效果也不错。因人而异吧。
不过建议你在做题的过程中应该注意总结，无外乎几类题目：主旨题、细节题等等。另外我认为别把阅读理解当阅读做，答对题就好了，而应该把文章吃透，你会发现，把题目全做对不代表你能把文章翻译过来，要注意文章中的语法现象，以及新单词等等。
