英语表达中,我很少发现冒号,究竟冒号是怎样使用的
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-24 15:05
共3个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-10-18 00:23
英语里不用冒号的，基本都用逗号和破折号,或者直接用从句的连词，或者用非谓语来解决。
在英文中的用法
⒈ 冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释，如 This is her plan: go shopping.
⒉ 冒号用于名单之前，特别是一个竖排的名单。
We transferred three employees to new branches:
· Tony Wang to New York City
· Mike Jackson to Tokyo
· Mark Foster to Paris
当名单横排的时候，冒号要用在一个完整的句子之后，如 We need seven people: three students,three engineers,and a professor.
⒊ 冒号用于一个正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: “It was horrible.”
⒋ 冒号也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面，如 Dear Mr. Lee：（美国英语中，信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号，而在英国英语中多用逗号。）
⒌ 冒号用于数字时间的表示，如16:45 或4:45 p.m.
⒍ 冒号用于主标题和副标题之间，如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data
扩展资料
使用注意
⑴ 运用冒号时要注意其提示范围。冒号提示的内容的末尾用句号。如果一个句号前的内容不全是冒号提示的，则这个冒号用得不正确。例如：
这种惊人的事实证明：人如果老想着钱， 看不到敌人的腐蚀进攻，就会走入歧途，可见这些事实是可以作为活教材的。
（句中冒号只提示到了"歧途"，不包括后边，所以用错了。应把“歧途”后面的逗号改为句号。）
⑵ 没有特别提示的必要就不要用冒号。如：
他表示：一定要来参加会议。（冒号应该删去）
比赛的结果出人预料：老年队竟打败了青年队。（冒号应该改为逗号）
⑶ 在句子内部，不能用冒号。如：
老师说了一声：“下课！”就走了。（句中不能用冒号，应删去。）
⑷ “某某说”、“某某想”等后边常用冒号。但有时不想强调提示语，或不直接引述别人的话，则不用冒号而用逗号。如果“某某说”是在所有引文的后边，“说”后用句号。
⑸一般说来，一句话里只适合用一个冒号。如果一个冒号范围里又用冒号，就形成了冒号的套用。应设法避免套用冒号。如：
心理学研究表明：影响儿童心理发展有三个重要因素：遗传、环境和教育。（前一个冒号应改为逗号；或调整语序，变更为“心理学研究表明：遗传、环境和教育是影响儿童心理发展的三个重要因素。”）
参考资料来源：百度百科-冒号
热心网友
时间：2023-10-18 00:24
英语里不用冒号的，基本都用逗号和破折号,或者直接用从句的连词，或者用非谓语来解决。He maintained that... He maintained,"...". 建议看文章或者做翻译的时候多关注下。希望对你有帮助！
热心网友
时间：2023-10-18 00:24
英语里面有冒号很少用，但也有。（7种很完整）
1．引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语
2．引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语
3．引出较长的正式引语或大段引语
4．用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后
5．用于公函、*文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后
6．用于时与分之间（英国法中多用句号）、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间
7．分隔书名的标题与副标题，翻译的时候保持：或者破折号
Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享：
希望对你有用。
必备|标点符号如何翻译？（附使用规则）
比如2016年11月英语*笔译实务试题原文：Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”
里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”，英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以，因为斜体有时候看着不整齐，译文中文需要加上书名号，书名第一次出现，需要括号加注原英文名（人名也这样处理）。
还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文：WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history.
里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢：这里考察英语地名从小到大，而且加个逗号，汉语里面是从大到小，不加逗号，比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，可是我今天看了大家提交的译文，基本都这样写的：
WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——：破折号的用法和翻译，这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，经常用在文章或报道的开头，引出事件发生的背景（地点）。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。
:Colon（冒号）
1．引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语，翻译的时候保持：
The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and bass. /His grades are a follows: English, an A; History. a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C.
2．引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语，翻译的时候保持：
Judges have a double ty；They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty／ He has only one pleasure: eating.
3．引出较长的正式引语或大段引语，翻译的时候是：或者，
In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably theirs.
4．用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后（英国用法中多用逗号），翻译的时候保持：
Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:
5．用于公函、*文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后，翻译的时候保持：
TO. /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:
6．用于时与分之间（英国法中多用句号）、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间，翻译的时候保持：
The train is to leave at 8: 30. /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion 32. /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.
7．分隔书名的标题与副标题，翻译的时候保持：或者破折号
NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard
， Comma（逗号）
1．分隔并列成分
We are tired, hungry and dilate. /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to walk. how to converse politely.
2．分隔并列句中的分句
It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next day. / We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that impossible. /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than none.
3．分隔对比或对照成分
He is sick, not drunk. /The more haste, the less speed.
4．分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语
He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown it. The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the safe. /They want us, you and me, to go there. /I have to get up early, particularly on Sundays.
5．分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句
Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you prefer. the red one or the blue one?
6．分隔直接引语和导语
Only a fool. "Sherman said, " would carry on like that.
7．表示省略相同词语
Some went to the right; others, to the left.
8. 分隔句首状语
Usually, he is dressed in blue jeans. / Except for physics, my courses are not difficult. /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to cry.
9，常用以分隔用作成分、状语等的下列词语
Honestly, that's all the money I have. /Personally, I prefer the other one. /Unfortunately, they were out when I called. /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened
1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth
2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;
3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of all. after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, i.e., e. g.
4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;
5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;
6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;
7)yes, no, well, oh
Anyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect us. /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. /This is, however, another side to this problem.
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a fiasco. /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate him. /On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.
It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the exam. /In my opinion, he is right.
Yes, times have changed. /Well, not much can be done about it now. /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!
10．分隔日期、数字、地点
Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. /The cinema is only open to alts, i. e.,people over 18.
June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los Angeles. /The price of this sedan car is $12,300./He lives at 1515 Halsted Street.Chicago, Illinois.
11．分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名
I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?
12．分隔呼语
R W. Leeds, M. D. /George Washington, President/Smith, John W., Jr.
I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a question.
13．用于信件的称呼语之后（美国用法中多用冒号）或结束语之后
Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,
“ ”Quotation Mark（引号)
1．用于直接引语
注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:
1）逗号、句号位于引号内（这是美国用法，英国用法多置于引号外）
2）不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外
3）在引语内再用引语时，可用单引号（这是美国用法，在英国用法中，单引号在外，双引号在内）
4）引语不止一段时，引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处
Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next time. "/"No, you cant, "she wrote. "It's impossible.
on January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever free. "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang meanings.
Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?
The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door closed. " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late.and then heard the door closed.’
Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this dictionary. Many are found on typewriters.
Symbols include the chemical elements... The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this dictionary. "
2．用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等
Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by Keats. /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled Banner. " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”／ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "
3．用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等
Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a ruler. /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a cast. / The basic meaning of mb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak．”／ How do you spell the word＂ eclectic”？
;Semicolon（分号）
一般说来，分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间，即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系，比用句号分开的紧密，但不及用逗号分开的紧密。
1．用于并列分句之间
People make history: unusual people make history interesting. /Your car is new; mine is six years old. /I came, I saw I conquered. /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to rain. /We finally found the gate; however, it had been locked.
2．分隔已有逗号的并列成分，以避免歧义
Follow this procere: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge.
The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, played.
3．用于由 for example， for instance， namely，that is（ to say）， in fact，i．e．，e．g等词语引出的分句之前
Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she sang./Tom is well-liked: in fact. he is the most popular person in the class./He chose to invest in major instries: i. e, steel, automobiles, and oil.
— Dash(破折号)
1.用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面：
It's an environmental issue. — That's not a small matter.
这是个环境保护的问题，这不是一件小事。
2.用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面（相当于一个括号）：
During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would ski.
假期中，我准是疯了，我决定去滑雪。
3.用在一个引用的句子前面（代替一个冒号，或与分号一起用）：
Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you are."
大叔笑着回答道“不用了，不用了，你就呆到那。”
4.表示意思的突然转折：
"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about it."
“我可以问——”小吴说；“不过我想还是你问他的好。”
5.表示迟疑犹豫：
"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken it."
“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”
6.总括前面列举的若干东西：
News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of prosperity.
新房子，扩建的学校，更多的羊、猪、鸡，更多的马和驴，这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。
Italicization斜体字的使用
1．书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称
Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York Times
Milton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s Starry
Night
2．交通工具、航天器等专名
Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger
3．作为例示的词、字母或数字
The word receive is often misspelled. /The b in comb is silent
4，表示强调的词语
She never expected such a welcome. /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t today.
5．表示未归化的外来词语
In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]
6．动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名
The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other animal. /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of Oklahoma.
7．法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名
Madison v. Kingley/the Jones case
8．剧本中的舞台提示
ROBERT: Ah yes, of course. Sit down, sit down, please, Mrs. Ross. [She sits as if this made matters rather worse.]
PHILIP: (Standing guard by her side. )My wife is a little agitated.
取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典
