中国传统乐器 英文介绍
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发布时间：2022-04-24 11:39
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-11 11:10
1，古琴（Chinese zither）
The oldest plucked instrument in China has a history of more than 3,000 years.
（中国最古老的弹拨乐器，有三千多年的历史。）
Known as the first of the four arts, in ancient times is the highest status of Musical Instruments. Guqin is full of legendary symbolic colors.
（被誉为琴棋书画四艺之首,在古代是地位最崇高的乐器。古琴充满着传奇的象征色彩。）
2，瑟（Mr）
One of the original silk stringed Musical Instruments in China, it has 25 strings.
（中国原始的丝弦乐器之一，共有二十五根弦。）
After thousands of years of silence, "youlan han music" has once again presented the legendary voice on the stage.
（瑟曾销声匿迹千年之久，而今“幽兰汉乐”将传说中的声音再次呈现于舞台之上。）
3，箜篌（The harp）
The ancient stringed musical instrument in China started in the han dynasty and has a long history.
（中国古老的弹弦乐器，始于汉代，历史悠久。）
Wide range, soft and clear tone, strong expression.
（音域宽广、音色 柔美清澈，表现力强。）
In the tang dynasty, it was used in xiliang, qiuci, shule, koryo and tianzhu. It was lost for 300 years after the Ming dynasty.
（唐时期曾用于西凉、龟兹、疏勒、高丽、天竺诸乐中。明代后失传达300年之久。）
4，方响（The ring）
The ancient percussion instrument consists of sixteen rectangular jade pieces of the same size.
（古代打击乐器，由十六块大小相同的长方形玉片组成。）
With thickness different fixed tone high, points up and down two suspension, with a small hammer.
（以厚薄不同定音高，分上下两层悬挂，用小铁锤敲击。）
Appeared in the northern zhou dynasty. In the sui and tang dynasties, it was used in yan music and later in the court.
（出现于北周。隋唐时用于燕乐，后也用于宫廷雅乐，自宋代后渐少。）
5，八音（eight）
A kind of traditional Chinese instrumental wind and percussion music.
（中国传统器乐吹打乐的一种。）
It was the earliest scientific classification of Musical Instruments in Chinese history.
（原为中国历史上最早的乐器科学分类法。）
In the western zhou dynasty, the Musical Instruments were made according to their materials.
（西周时已将当时的乐器按制作材料。）
热心网友
时间：2023-10-11 11:11
CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
There are many deep traditions of the bowed, plucked, wind, and percussion instrument families, and many in these families of instruments are listed here below. These instruments are used for traditional music, classical music, folk music, and modern music and compositions (there are also many other older instruments used by the many Minority groups in China). (NOTE - all of the tunings listed in the bowed and plucked instruments are from the lowest pitched strings to the highest - and the word "qin" 琴 means "instrument"):
Bowed Instruments:
1.Erhu 二胡 - the Chinese two string violin with metal strings, tuned a fifth interval apart, to D and A, or sometimes to C and G. "Huqin" is the name for this family of Chinese bowed instruments; and "qin" is the general name for an instrument. It is called nanju (or the nanhu 南胡 ) by Cantonese and Taiwan people..
2.Jinghu 京胡 - the Beijing Opera two string violin pitched one octave above the erhu. The soundbox is made of bamboo and the strings are usually metal; traditionally the strings were silk, and silk strings are occasionally still used. The strings are tuned a fifth interval apart.
3.Gaohu 高胡 - the soprano version of the two string erhu, tuned a fourth interval higher than the erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart.
4.Zhonghu 中胡 - the deeper "viola" version of the two string erhu, with metal strings tuned in fifth intervals; and tuned a fourth or a fifth lower than the erhu.
5.Gehu 革胡 - the deeper "cello" version of the two string erhu, with metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart. Bei gehu 倍革胡 is the big deeper "bass" with four metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
6.Sihu 四胡 - an erhu type instrument with four silk strings tuned in fifth and fourth intervals, to C-G-C-G, or D-A-D-A. It sounds much like the human voice, and it has a bow which has two simultaneous bowing parts.
7.Dalei 大擂 - an erhu type instrument with the soundbox made of copper, tuned lower than the erhu, also sounding much like the human voice, with two metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart; traditionally they were tuned a fourth interval apart.
8.Banhu 板胡 - a loud erhu type instrument made of coconut, with two metal strings tuned in fifth intervals.
9.Nanju (or the Nanhu 南胡 ) - the Cantonese opera erhu, with two metal strings tuned a fifth interval apart.
10.Matouqin 马头琴 (or in Mongolian, the Morin Huur, the Morin Khuur, the Morin Xuur, the Morin Khor, or the Marinhur, or the Chaoer in eastern Mongolia), the Mongolian deep sounding two string bowed instrument that got its name from the carved horse head by the tuning pegs, with nylon or metal strings, and traditionally with horsehair strings, and they are tuned a fifth interval apart. There are three different sizes, like the Western violin, viola, and cello. Traditionally in eastern Mongolia the fingerboard is played normally like a violin, and the instrument is also called the Chaoer, but in western Mongolia, traditionally the string is played where the bottom of the nail meets the skin of the finger, so that the sound is proced with both the nail and the finger. Di Matouqin 低马头琴 - the bigger and lower pitched Matouqin, also tuned in fifth intervals.
Plucked Instruments:
1.Pipa 琵琶 - the four string Chinese fretted lute, with metal strings, and occasionally with silk strings. It is tuned G-C-D-G, or A-D-E-A.
2.Liuqin 柳琴 - the small pipa, the Chinese fretted lute, with three or four metal strings. It has either three strings tuned G-D-G, or four strings tuned G-D-G-D; and the four strings can also be tuned in fifths like a Western violin, to G-D-A-E.
3.Yueqin 月琴 - also called the "moon guitar", played with the Beijing Opera, a banjo-like fretted instrument with three or four metal strings. It is tuned A-D-A, or G-C-G, or D-A-D, or C-G-C; or with four strings, it is tuned D-A-D-A, or C-G-C-G.
4.Ruan 阮 - similar to the yueqin, but it has a hollow soundbox and a longer neck. It has three or four metal strings and is fretted. Xiaoruan 小阮 has three strings tuned D-A-D, or four strings tuned D-A-D-A. Zhongruan 中阮 , the medium lower ruan, has four metal strings tuned D-A-D-A, or to G-D-G-D; or tuned in fifth intervals like the Western cello to C-G-D-A, and it is fretted. Daruan 大阮, the big bass ruan, is traditionally tuned D-A-D-A, and in modern times it is also tuned in fifth intervals like the Western cello C-G-D-A, and it is usually bowed.
5.Sanxian 三弦 - the three string unfretted lute with metal, or gut, or nylon strings, with a long neck and made of snake skin. This instrument is also played in Japan, and it is also the main instrument for traditional music in Okinawa. It is tuned C-G-C.
6.Yangqin 扬琴 - the hammered lcimer, called the "Butterfly Harp."
7.Guqin 古琴 - (or the qin), the ancient seven string Chinese zither with metal strings wrapped with nylon, played by sliding the fingernail up the strings. It originally had five strings, and was called the qin, meaning "instrument," or "stringed instrument"; and the term "gu" means ancient. The standard tuning (listed in the key of C) is G-A-C-D-E-G-A. Another very common tuning (for the key of F) is C-D-F-G-A-C-D, and there are many others.
8.Guzheng 古筝 (or the Gu-Zheng, or the Zheng, or the Cheng), the Chinese zither/ harp with 16 to 25 strings and a moveable bridge. The 18 string and the older 16 string ones have metal strings and the 21 to 25 string ones have wire strings wrapped with nylon. Traditionally the older instrument had 13 strings made of silk, and that one was the ancestor of the Japanese Koto. The two most common tunings are the C pentatonic scale (C-D-E-G-A), and the G pentatonic scale (G-A-B-D-E); the pentatonic scale has the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth degrees of the scale.
9.Konghou 箜篌 - the vertical guzheng, the Chinese zither/harp, somewhat like a Western harp, with four pedals, and it usually has five or six octaves. It has metal strings wrapped with nylon in the lower section, and the higher strings are sometimes metal.
10.Se 瑟 - the ancient 50 string zither with a moveable bridge, which is no longer played. It may have been the forerunner of the guzheng, the Chinese zither/ harp (see related article). It had silk strings.
11.Hudie Zheng 蝴蝶筝 - somewhat like two guzhengs combined, sometimes called the "butterfly guzheng", which is a recent invention, but rarely played. It has metal strings wrapped with nylon, and some of the high strings can be metal. It has a set of 25 strings tuned normally to a pentatonic scale on the right side (with the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth degrees of the scale - in the key of C those notes are C, D, E, G, and A), where the bridge is moveable; and on the left side of the bridge, with notes that cannot be bent (and without a moveable bridge), a set of strings is tuned in half steps to all twelve chromatic Western pitches within the octave; also the left side has some pairs of strings that are tuned to the same notes that correspond to the notes of the strings on the right side of the bridge that are in the pentatonic tuning.
12.Khomuz (or the Koxianqin 口弦琴) - the Mongolian jaw harp with one or two metal reeds, played by holding it in the mouth and changing the tones with the mouth cavity.
13.Duxianqin 独弦琴 - an old one string instrument with a metal string supported by a wood bow, played by plucking the string and bending the wood bow.
Wind Instruments:
1.Xun 埙(or the Huin, or the Hsuin, or the Hsun) - a clay wind instrument with eleven holes. It was revived by the Guzheng master Cao Zheng in the early 1970s, and it became very popular again in 1998.
2.Dizi 笛子 - the horizonal side-blown bamboo flute.
3.Xiao 箫 (or the Hsiao) - the vertical bamboo flute.
4.Paixiao 排箫 - Chinese pan-pipes.
5.Sheng 笙 - the bamboo mouth organ, blown both in and out. It was the ancient ancestor of the Western harmonica. Diyinsheng is the big mouth organ with 48 pipes.
6.Hulusi 葫芦丝 - made of bamboo or another plant such as straw grass, and played like a mouth organ, blown both in and out. Shuangguan Hulusi is the double-reed hulusi.
7.Bawu 巴乌 - the small and deeper sounding bamboo flute.
8.Guanzi 管子 - the short cylindrical-bore oboe type older flute, made of wood. Shuangguan 双管 is a double-pipe flute made of wood.
9.Suona 唢呐 - Chinese trumpet, further specialized into gaoyinsuona, the soprano trumpet; zhongyinsuona, the lower trumpet; and diyinsuona, the bass trumpet.
这样应该挺详细的吧，嘿嘿·
热心网友
时间：2023-10-11 11:11
CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS There are many deep traditions of the bowed, plucked, wind, and percussion instrument families, and many in these families of instruments are listed he
